83
views
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
1 collections
    0
    shares
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      Reassessment of the potential economic impact of cattle parasites in Brazil Translated title: Reavaliação do potencial impacto econômico de parasitos de bovinos no Brasil

      research-article

      Read this article at

      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          The profitability of livestock activities can be diminished significantly by the effects of parasites. Economic losses caused by cattle parasites in Brazil were estimated on an annual basis, considering the total number of animals at risk and the potential detrimental effects of parasitism on cattle productivity. Estimates in U.S. dollars (USD) were based on reported yield losses among untreated animals and reflected some of the effects of parasitic diseases. Relevant parasites that affect cattle productivity in Brazil, and their economic impact in USD billions include: gastrointestinal nematodes - $7.11; cattle tick (Rhipicephalus(Boophilus) microplus) - $3.24; horn fly (Haematobia irritans) - $2.56; cattle grub (Dermatobia hominis) - $0.38; New World screwworm fly (Cochliomyia hominivorax) - $0.34; and stable fly (Stomoxys calcitrans) - $0.34. The combined annual economic loss due to internal and external parasites of cattle in Brazil considered here was estimated to be at least USD 13.96 billion. These findings are discussed in the context of methodologies and research that are required in order to improve the accuracy of these economic impact assessments. This information needs to be taken into consideration when developing sustainable policies for mitigating the impact of parasitism on the profitability of Brazilian cattle producers.

          Translated abstract

          A rentabilidade da atividade pecuária pode ser diminuída significativamente pelos efeitos dos parasitos que afetam o gado. As perdas econômicas causadas pelos parasitos dos bovinos, no Brasil, foram estimadas em uma base anual, considerando-se o número total de animais em risco e os efeitos negativos do parasitismo sobre a produtividade do gado. Estimativas em dólares baseiam-se em perdas de rendimento conhecidas em animais não tratados, e refletem alguns dos efeitos de doenças parasitárias. Aqui, tais perdas são referidas como perdas potenciais. Parasitos relevantes que afetam o bem-estar do gado e a produtividade no Brasil e seu impacto econômico em dólares incluem: nematódeos gastrintestinais - $7,11 bilhões; carrapato bovino (Rhipicephalus(Boophilus) microplus) - $3,24 bilhões; mosca-dos-chifres (Haematobia irritans) - $2,56 bilhões; berne (Dermatobia hominis) - $0,38 bilhões; mosca-da-bicheira (Cochliomyia hominivorax) - $0,34 bilhões; e a mosca-dos-estábulos (Stomoxys calcitrans) - $0,34 bilhões. A perda econômica anual combinada, devido aos parasitos internos e externos dos bovinos aqui listados, foi estimada em pelo menos $13,96 bilhões. Tais resultados são discutidos no contexto de metodologias e pesquisas necessárias, como a que envolve os efeitos da resistência aos parasiticidas de uso veterinário, para melhorar a precisão de tais avaliações de impacto econômico. Essa informação deve ser considerada pelos tomadores de decisão para influenciar programas de investigação e regulação, a fim de desenvolver políticas sustentáveis que reduzam o impacto do parasitismo sobre a rentabilidade dos pecuaristas brasileiros.

          Related collections

          Most cited references40

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: not found

          An inconvenient truth: global worming and anthelmintic resistance.

          Over the past 10-15 years, we have witnessed a rapid increase in both the prevalence and magnitude of anthelmintic resistance, and this increase appears to be a worldwide phenomenon. Reports of anthelmintic resistance to multiple drugs in individual parasite species, and in multiple parasite species across virtually all livestock hosts, are increasingly common. In addition, since the introduction of ivermectin in 1981, no novel anthelmintic classes were developed and introduced for use in livestock until recently with the launch of monepantel in New Zealand. Thus, livestock producers are often left with few options for effective treatment against many important parasite species. While new anthelmintic classes with novel mechanisms of action could potentially solve this problem, new drugs are extremely expensive to develop, and can be expected to be more expensive than older drugs. Thus, it seems clear that the "Global Worming" approach that has taken hold over the past 40-50 years must change, and livestock producers must develop a new vision for parasite control and sustainability of production. Furthermore, parasitologists must improve methods for study design and data analysis that are used for diagnosing anthelmintic resistance, especially for the fecal egg count reduction test (FECRT). Currently, standards for diagnosis of anthelmintic resistance using FECRT exist only for sheep. Lack of standards in horses and cattle and arbitrarily defined cutoffs for defining resistance, combined with inadequate analysis of the data, mean that errors in assigning resistance status are common. Similarly, the lack of standards makes it difficult to compare data among different studies. This problem needs to be addressed, because as new drugs are introduced now and in the future, the lack of alternative treatments will make early and accurate diagnosis of anthelmintic resistance increasingly important. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: not found

            The productivity effects of cattle tick (Boophilus microplus) infestation on cattle, with particular reference to Bos indicus cattle and their crosses.

            In response to uncertainty among cattle producers in Australia regarding the need to treat Bos indicus and B. indicus crossbreeds, the scientific literature relating to the productivity effects of Boophilus microplus on cattle of all breeds was reviewed. Estimates of the mean effect of each engorging tick (damage coefficient, d) were made from a simple analysis of the reported data. On average, each engorging female tick is responsible for the loss of 1.37 +/- 0.25 g bodyweight in B. taurus cattle. The comparable value for B. taurusxB. indicus cattle is 1.18 +/- 0.21 g/engorging tick. These values were not statistically significantly different, indicating that if a threshold approach to tick control were taken, then the threshold number of standard ticks would be the same regardless of cattle genotype. No studies provided useable estimates of the effect of tick infestation on pure B. indicus cattle. An economic threshold for treatment, below which acaricide application is not beneficial, can be predicted, using known values for the cost of acaricide application and the price of beef. However, the application of a threshold approach to control has not been embraced by government advisers and runs contrary to the accepted principals of strategic control programs.
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              Gastrointestinal nematode infections in adult dairy cattle: impact on production, diagnosis and control.

              Due to the intensification of dairy herds and the recognition of subclinical infections with a negative impact on production as disease, control of gastrointestinal (GI) nematodes in adult cows is becoming established in an increasing number of dairy herds. The objectives of this paper are to review the aspects related to the impact on production, diagnosis and control of GI nematodes in adult dairy cattle. During the last decade substantial evidence has been generated that GI nematodes can have a negative impact on the performance of adult animals. The milk-yield response to anthelmintic treatment in recent studies in pastured dairy herds was observed to be around 1kg/cow per day, whereas effects on reproductive performance remain equivocal. GI-nematode infections can be monitored based on Ostertagia ostertagi-specific antibody measurement, which provides information on the level of larval exposure and an indication of the associated production losses. Other diagnostic parameters are considered of limited use in adult cattle. Control relies on anthelmintic treatment and grazing management, which can be used complementary to each other. There are three critical points that need to be considered when developing anthelmintic control recommendations in adult cows: the unpredictability of the treatment response, the timing of treatment and the risk for developing anthelmintic resistance. As a consequence, monitoring of GI-nematode infections is desirable in order to focus anthelmintic treatments on those herds with a high larval challenge and associated production losses. For the future, more studies are needed to evaluate the effects of different control approaches in terms of financial benefits for the farmer and sustainability on the long term.
                Bookmark

                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                rbpv
                Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária
                Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet.
                Colégio Brasileiro de Parasitologia Veterinária (Jaboticabal )
                1984-2961
                June 2014
                : 23
                : 2
                : 150-156
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro Brazil
                [2 ] Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Brazil
                [3 ] Fundação Estadual de Pesquisa Agropecuária Brazil
                [4 ] Embrapa Gado de Corte Brazil
                [5 ] USDA-ARS Knipling-Bushland U.S. Livestock Insects Research Laboratory USA
                [6 ] Champion Farmoquímico Brazil
                Article
                S1984-29612014000200150
                10.1590/S1984-29612014042
                25054492
                5ab68c47-652b-4677-a491-cbc90c37ed8a

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=1984-2961&lng=en
                Categories
                PARASITOLOGY
                VETERINARY SCIENCES

                Parasitology,General veterinary medicine
                Cattle parasites,production loss,economic assessment
                Parasitology, General veterinary medicine
                Cattle parasites, production loss, economic assessment

                Comments

                Comment on this article