PREVALENCIA DE EMBARAZO EN ADOLESCENTES, YOPAL-CASANARE, COLOMBIA, 2013-2014

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Abstract

RESUMEN Objetivo: Establecer la prevalencia de embarazo en mujeres adolescentes desde los registros de nacidos vivos del municipio de Yopal entre 2013-2014. Materiales y métodos: Estudio descriptivo transversal desde la base de datos del módulo de nacidos vivos del Registro Único de Afiliados del Departamento Nacional de Estadística (DANE), suministrado por la Secretaría de Salud de Yopal. Se incluyeron registros completos de toda gestante menor de 19 años. Se estudiaron sus características sociodemográficas, antecedentes de la gestación y características específicas del nacimiento. Análisis mediante estadística descriptiva. Resultados: El 21,9 % (1.286/5.848) de registros correspondieron a gestantes adolescentes entre 1019 años, con edad promedio 17,4 ± 1,47 años; edad promedio del padre 23,9 ± 5,66 años; mediana de embarazos = 1 (rango = 1-4); más de cuatro controles prenatales 707 (55,0 %); primigestantes 1.033 (80,3 %); periodo intergenésico menor de dos años 54 (25,7 %); parto espontáneo 894 (69,5 %) y cesárea 392 (30,5 %); presentaron bajo peso al nacer 54 (4,2 %) neonatos. Conclusión: La prevalencia del embarazo en adolescentes en Yopal fue superior a la nacional, de 19,5 %; las gestantes adolescentes del área rural acceden menos a los controles prenatales. Estos datos conllevan revisar y fortalecer las estrategias municipales de prevención de este evento.

Translated abstract

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the prevalence of teenage pregnancy on the basis of live birth records in the Municipality of Yopal between 2013-2014. Materials and methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study conducted on the basis of the live birth module database contained in the Single Registry of the National Statistics Department (DANE), made available by the Health Secretariat of Yopal. Full records of all pregnant women under 19 were included. Sociodemographic characteristics, pregnancy history and specific characteristics of the birth were studied. Descriptive statistical analysis was done. Results: Of the records, 21.9 %(1,286/5,848) were pregnant teens between 10-19 years, with a mean age of 17.4 ± 1.47 years; mean age of the fathers was 23.9 ± 5.66 years; pregnancy median = 1 (range = 1-4); more than four prenatal visits 707 (55.0 %); primigravidae 1,033 (80.3 %); inter-pregnancy period of less than two years 54 (25.7 %); spontaneous delivery 894 (69.5 %) and cesarean section 392 (30,5 %); low birth weight, 54 (4.2 %) neonates. Conclusion: The prevalence of pregnancy among adolescents in Yopal was higher than the national prevalence, at 19.5 %; pregnant adolescents who come from the rural areas have access to a smaller number of prenatal visits. These data point to the need of revisiting and strengthening municipal strategies for the prevention of teenage pregnancy.

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Adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes in adolescent pregnancies: The Global Network’s Maternal Newborn Health Registry study

Fernando Althabe, Janet Moore, Luz Gibbons … (2015)

Background Adolescent girls between 15 and 19 years give birth to around 16 million babies each year, around 11% of births worldwide. We sought to determine whether adolescent mothers are at higher risk of maternal and perinatal adverse outcomes compared with mothers aged 20–24 years in a prospective, population-based observational study of newborn outcomes in low resource settings. Methods We undertook a prospective, population-based multi-country research study of all pregnant women in defined geographic areas across 7 sites in six low-middle income countries (Kenya, Zambia, India, Pakistan, Guatemala and Argentina). The study population for this analysis was restricted to women aged 24 years or less, who gave birth to infants of at least 20 weeks’ gestation and 500g or more. We compared adverse pregnancy maternal and perinatal outcomes among pregnant adolescents 15-19 years, <15 years, and adults 20-24 years. Results A total of 269,273 women were enrolled from January 2010 to December 2013. Of all pregnancies 11.9% (32,097/269,273) were in adolescents 15-19 years, while 0.14% (370/269,273) occurred among girls <15 years. Pregnancy among adolescents 15-19 years ranged from 2% in Pakistan to 26% in Argentina, and adolescent pregnancies <15 year were only observed in sub-Saharan Africa and Latin America. Compared to adults, adolescents did not show increased risk of maternal adverse outcomes. Risks of preterm birth and LBW were significantly higher among both early and older adolescents, with the highest risks observed in the <15 years group. Neonatal and perinatal mortality followed a similar trend in sub-Saharan Africa and Latin America, with the highest risk in early adolescents, although the differences in this age group were not significant. However, in South Asia the risks of neonatal and perinatal death were not different among adolescents 15-19 years compared to adults. Conclusions This study suggests that pregnancy among adolescents is not associated with worse maternal outcomes, but is associated with worse perinatal outcomes, particularly in younger adolescents. However, this may not be the case in regions like South Asia where there are decreasing rates of adolescent pregnancies, concentrated among older adolescents. The increased risks observed among adolescents seems more likely to be associated with biological immaturity, than with socio-economic factors, inadequate antenatal or delivery care. Trial registration number NCT01073475