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      Disfunção executiva no transtorno obsessivo-compulsivo e na Síndrome de Tourette Translated title: Disfunción ejecutiva en el transtorno obsesivo-compulsivo y el Síndrome de Tourette Translated title: Executive dysfunction in obsessive-compulsive disorder and the Tourette Syndrome

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          Abstract

          Dentre as habilidades cognitivas mais estudadas recentemente estão as funções executivas (FE), que são essenciais na execução de tarefas novas e permitem o engajamento do indivíduo em ações direcionadas a metas. Disfunções executivas são reconhecidas em diversos quadros psiquiátricos, inclusive no transtorno obsessivo-compulsivo (TOC) e na síndrome de Tourette (ST). Esta revisão teórica teve por objetivo ampliar o conhecimento a respeito da relação entre alterações de FE e os transtornos mencionados. Em sua maior parte, os estudos científicos voltados à área têm apresentado uma estreita associação entre o prejuízo no funcionamento executivo, o TOC e a ST. Entretanto, há pesquisas que refutam esta afirmação, mostrando que não há ainda uma teoria determinante sobre esta relação. Além disso, mesmo dentre as pesquisas que compartilham a relação entre FE, TOC e ST, não é possível afirmar quais habilidades executivas específicas estão prejudicadas em cada caso. Assim, o estudo permite concluir que, mesmo com o aumento do número de pesquisas realizadas, muitos questionamentos persistem sobre o prejuízo das funções executivas nestes transtornos psiquiátricos. Esses dados revelam a necessidade de mais pesquisas sobre o tema, o que pode vir a melhorar consideravelmente a qualidade dos diagnósticos, prognósticos e tratamentos realizados.

          Translated abstract

          Entre las habilidades cognitivas más estudiadas recientemente están las funciones ejecutivas (FE), que son esenciales en la ejecución de tareas nuevas y permiten el comprometimiento del individuo en acciones direccionadas a las metas. Disfunciones ejecutivas son reconocidas en distintos cuadros psiquiátricos, incluso en el trastorno objesivo-compulsivo (TOC) y en el Síndrome de Tourette (ST). Esta revisión teórica tuvo por objetivo ampliar el conocimiento al respecto de la relación entre alteraciones de FE y los trastornos mencionados. En su gran parte, los estudios científicos volteados al area viene presentando una estrecha asociación entre el perjuicio en el funcionamiento ejecutivo, el TOC y el ST. Sin embargo, hay investigaciones que refutan esta afirmación, aportando que no hay todavía una teoría determinante sobre esta relación. Además, aunque entre las investigaciones que comparten la relación entre FE, TOC y ST, no es posible afirmar cuales ha bilidades ejecutivas especificas están perjudicadas en cada caso. Así que, el estudio permite concluir que, aunque con el aumento de número de investigaciones realizadas, muchos cuestionamientos persisten sobre el perjuízio de la funciones ejecutivas en estos trastornos psiquiatricos. Esos datos revelan la necesidad de más investigaciones al respecto del tema, lo que puede venir a mejorar considerablemente la calidad de los diagnósticcos, prognósticos y tratamientos realizados.

          Translated abstract

          Among the cognitive abilities more studied recently are the executive functions (EF), that are essential in the execution of new tasks and able the individual commitment in goal directed actions. Executive dysfunctions are recognized in diverse psychiatric conditions, including the Obsessive-compulsive Disorder (OCD) and the Tourette Syndrome (TS). This theoretical revision aimed to extend the knowledge about the relation between EF damages and these mentioned disorders. In the greater part, the scientific studies in the area have presented a near association between the EF damage, the OCD, and the TS. However, there are researches that refute these findings, showing that there is still not a determinant theory about this relationship. Beyond that, even among the researches that share the relation between EF, OCD, and TS, is not possible affirm which specific executive abilities are injured in each case. Then, the study concludes that, even with the increase of the number of researches carried out, many questionings persist about the EF damage in psychiatric disorders. These data reveal the need of more researches about the subject, what can improve considerably the quality of the diagnoses, prognostics and treatments carried out.

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          Most cited references61

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          Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders.

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            The unity and diversity of executive functions and their contributions to complex "Frontal Lobe" tasks: a latent variable analysis.

            This individual differences study examined the separability of three often postulated executive functions-mental set shifting ("Shifting"), information updating and monitoring ("Updating"), and inhibition of prepotent responses ("Inhibition")-and their roles in complex "frontal lobe" or "executive" tasks. One hundred thirty-seven college students performed a set of relatively simple experimental tasks that are considered to predominantly tap each target executive function as well as a set of frequently used executive tasks: the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), Tower of Hanoi (TOH), random number generation (RNG), operation span, and dual tasking. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the three target executive functions are moderately correlated with one another, but are clearly separable. Moreover, structural equation modeling suggested that the three functions contribute differentially to performance on complex executive tasks. Specifically, WCST performance was related most strongly to Shifting, TOH to Inhibition, RNG to Inhibition and Updating, and operation span to Updating. Dual task performance was not related to any of the three target functions. These results suggest that it is important to recognize both the unity and diversity of executive functions and that latent variable analysis is a useful approach to studying the organization and roles of executive functions. Copyright 2000 Academic Press.
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              Executive Functions and Developmental Psychopathology

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                cnps
                Cuadernos de neuropsicología
                Cuad. neuropsicol.
                Centro de Estudios Académicos en Neuropsicología (CAEN) (Rancagua, , Chile )
                0718-4123
                2011
                : 5
                : 1
                : 49-65
                Article
                S0718-41232011000100004 S0718-4123(11)00500104
                5bb6ce51-fb04-4844-af84-e6a6ec630494

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 24 November 2010
                : 11 March 2011
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 55, Pages: 17
                Product

                SciELO Periódicos Eletrônicos em Psicologia

                Categories
                Artigos Originais

                Funciones Ejecutivas,Trastorno Obsesivo - Compulsivo,Síndrome de Tourette,Funções executivas,Transtorno Obsessivo-Compulsivo,síndrome de Tourette,Executive functioning,obsessive compulsive disorder,Tourette Syndrome

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