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      ESTUDIOS LIMNOLÓGICOS EN LAGOS Y LAGUNAS DEL PARQUE NACIONAL TORRES DEL PAINE (51° S, CHILE) Translated title: LIMNOLOGICAL STUDIES IN LAKES AND PONDS OF TORRES DEL PAINE NATIONAL PARK (51° S, CHILE)

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          Abstract

          La Patagonia de Chile posee muchos ecosistemas acuáticos sin contaminación, dentro de estos ecosistemas hay muchos lagos y lagunas prtstinos. En este estudio, se analizó información colectada entre los años 1989 y 1990 (sin publicar y sin publicar) sobre lagos y lagunas del Parque Nacional Torres del Paine, un área sin contaminar en el sur de Chile (51° S). Se aplicó un análisis de componentes principales considerando parámetros qutmicos, riqueza de especies zooplanctónicas y biomasa. Los resultados denotaron que las concentraciones de cationes (Ca, Na y Mg), cloruros, seston y clorofila, junto con biomasa de zooplancton y riqueza de especies zooplanctónicas fueron las principales variables que contribuyeron al modelo obtenido. Según este modelo, se observaron los siguientes grupos: un primer grupo conformado con lagos oligotróficos con baja biomasa de zooplancton y baja riqueza de especies; un segundo grupo conformado por pequeños lagos mesotróficos con conductividad moderada, biomasa y riqueza de especies zooplanctónicas moderadas, dentro de este grupo hubo además pequeñas lagunas con altas concentraciones de nutrientes, clorofila y alta biomasa y riqueza de especies zooplanctónicas. Se aplicó un modelo nulo para co-ocurrencia de especies, que mostró que las asociaciones de especies no son aleatorias, lo que se demostró en dos de las tres simulaciones, lo cual concordarta con los resultados del análisis de componentes principales. Estos resultados revelartan que la oligotrofta y las bajas concentraciones de iones sertan los principales factores reguladores de la estructura de la comunidad zooplanctónica, y probablemente la presencia de peces, lo cual explicarta los patrones similares observados para lagos de la Patagonia de Argentina y Chile.

          Translated abstract

          Chilean Patagonia has numerous unpolluted terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, containing many unpolluted and pristine lakes and ponds. Published and unpublished information collected between 1989 and 1990 in lakes and ponds within Torres del Paine National Park, an unpolluted and pristine protected área in Southern Chile (51°S), was analysed in this study. A principal component analysis (PCA) was applied using mainly chemical parameters, zooplankton species richness and biomass. It was found that the cations (Ca, Na, Mg) chloride, seston and chlorophyll concentrations together with zooplankton biomass and zooplankton species richness were the main contributing variables to the derived model. According to this model, the following groups were observed: l st group- deep oligotrophic lakes with low zooplankton biomass and low species richness; 2nd group - small mesotrophic lakes and ponds with modérate conductivity, zooplankton biomass and species richness. This latter group included small ponds with high nutrient and chlorophyll concentrations. A nuil model for species co-ocurrence was applied. The results in two of three simulations denoted that species associations are not random, which would agree with the PCA results. These results showed that oligotrophy and low ionic concentrations, and probably fish presence, are important regulatory factors in zooplankton community structure. These explain the similar patterns observed between Argentinean and Chilean Patagonian lakes.

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          Southern Chile, trout and salmon country: invasion patterns and threats for native species

          In order to evaluate the present distribution patterns of salmonids and their potential effects on native fish, we sampled 11 large lakes and 105 streams, encompassing a total of 13 main hydrographic watersheds of southern Chile (39° to 52°S). Overall, trout (Salmo trutta and Oncorhynchus mykiss) accounted for more than 60 % of total fish abundance and more than 80 % of total biomass, while 40 % of the streams sampled did not have native fish. Salmon, introduced for aquaculture, such as O. kisutch, Salmo salar, and O. tshawytscha, were only present in lakes with salmon farming and did not seem to be reproducing naturally in affluent streams. We tested the effect of river geographic origin (Andes mountains, central valley, or Coastal range) on fish abundance and found that rainbow trout was more restricted to the Andean streams with higher water discharge, while brown trout was widely distributed and did not relate to any of several catchment attributes measured. The abundance of native fish was greater in lakes than in streams and the highest native fish biodiversity occurred in streams of the central valley. The most common native species were Galaxias maculatus, G. platei, Brachygalaxias bullocki, Aplochiton zebra and Basilichthys australis. Streams with higher conductivity, larger pool areas, more fine sediments, and low brown trout densities were more suitable for native fish. Thus, catchments with higher anthropogenic disturbance appeared as refuges for native species. Given the descriptive nature of our study we can only presume the negative impacts of trout and salmon on native fish; an effect which should be superimposed on biogeographical conditioning of present distribution. Yet based on the present abundance and distribution patterns of salmonids and native fish, negative effects are very likely. Conservation of native fish biodiversity in central valley streams, far from protected areas or national parks and fully exposed to human perturbations represents a great challenge. We propose to enhance conservation by exerting a stronger sport fishing pressure on trout in those streams
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            Latitudinal patterns in the size distribution and seasonal dynamics of new world, freshwater cladocerans

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              Aquaculture, non-native salmonid invasions and associated declines of native fishes in Northern Patagonian lakes

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                ainpat
                Anales del Instituto de la Patagonia
                Anales Instituto Patagonia (Chile)
                Universidad de Magallanes (Punta Arenas, , Chile )
                0718-686X
                2009
                : 37
                : 1
                : 63-71
                Affiliations
                [01] Temuco orgnameUniversidad Católica de Temuco orgdiv1Escuela de Ciencias Ambientales Chile prios@ 123456uct.cl
                [02] Roma orgnameFAO of UN, Via delle Terme di Caracalla orgdiv1Fisheries Department orgdiv2Sénior Fisheries Officer Inland Water Resources and Aquaculture Service (FIRI) Italia
                Article
                S0718-686X2009000100006 S0718-686X(09)03700100006
                10.4067/S0718-686X2009000100006
                5c7f89a4-3195-4501-9292-19f70604e153

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 24 March 2009
                : 15 June 2009
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 33, Pages: 9
                Product

                SciELO Chile

                Categories
                Artículos

                nutrients,chlorophyll,zooplancton,iones,nutrientes,clorofila,lagunas,lagos,zooplankton,ions,ponds,lakes

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