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      Effect of a multimedia training programme for pain management on pain intensity and depression in patients with non-specific chronic back pain* Translated title: Efecto del entrenamiento con multimedia sobre la intensidad del dolor y la depresión en pacientes con dolor de espalda crónico no específico Translated title: Efeito do treinamento com multimídia sobre a intensidade da dor e a depressão em pacientes com dor nas costas crónico não específico

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          Abstract

          Objective.

          To determine the effect of multimedia training on pain intensity and depression in patients with chronic low back pain.

          Methods.

          In this randomized controlled trial study, the intervention group was trained about pain management consisted of communication skills, assertiveness, stress management, lifestyle enhancement skills and physical activity prepared in seven CDs using multimedia method and the control group received routine training included physician’s visits, medication prescriptions and receiving the recommendations of the physician and healthcare providers. Beck Depression Inventory and Jensen Pain Questionnaire were completed for the two groups in three stages: pre-training, post-training and 2 months thereafter.

          Results.

          The results showed that there were no significant statistical difference between two groups in terms of demographic variables indicated homogeneity of research groups. Repeated measure ANOVA showed that the mean scores of pain intensity and depression changed significantly over time in both control and intervention groups ( p<0.001); however, the effect of the group was not significant ( p=0.565, p=0.748, respectively). Hence, the results of time-group interaction showed that there was significant difference between the two groups in terms of pain intensity and depression ( p<0.001, p=0.003, respectively). The effect size revealed that the difference between mean scores of depression before and after the intervention in the both group was high (1.04 and 1.45, respectively).

          Conclusion.

          The study results indicated that multimedia training has the potential in relieving pain intensity and depression in patients with non-specific chronic low back pain.

          Resumen

          Objetivo.

          Determinar el efecto del entrenamiento con multimedia sobre la intensidad del dolor y la depresión en pacientes con lumbalgia crónica.

          Métodos.

          Ensayo clínico controlado y aleatorizado: el grupo de intervención recibió educación sobre el manejo del dolor consistente en unos temas (habilidades de comunicación, asertividad, manejo del estrés, habilidades para mejorar el estilo de vida y actividad física) disponibles en siete CD mediante el método multimedia; y el grupo de control recibió la educación rutinaria brindada durante las visitas al médico, consistente en la prescripción de medicamentos y la recepción de las recomendaciones del médico y de otros profesionales sanitarios. El Inventario de Depresión de Beck y el Cuestionario de Dolor de Jensen se aplicaron a los dos grupos en tres momentos: antes del entrenamiento, después del entrenamiento y dos meses después de acabar la intervención.

          Resultados.

          El ANOVA de medidas repetidas mostró que las puntuaciones medias de la intensidad del dolor y de la depresión cambiaron significativamente a lo largo del tiempo tanto en el grupo de control como en el de intervención ( p<0.001); sin embargo, el efecto del grupo no fue significativo ( p=0.565, p=0.748, respectivamente). Por lo tanto, los resultados de la interacción tiempo-grupo mostraron que sí había una diferencia significativa entre los dos grupos en cuanto a la intensidad del dolor y la depresión ( p<0.001, p=0.003, respectivamente). El tamaño del efecto reveló que la diferencia entre las puntuaciones medias de depresión antes y después de la intervención en ambos grupos era alta (1.04 y 1.45, respectivamente).

          Conclusión.

          Los resultados del estudio indicaron que el entrenamiento multimedia tiene potencial para aliviar la intensidad del dolor y la depresión en pacientes con lumbalgia crónica inespecífica.

          Resumo

          Objetivo.

          Determinar o efeito do treinamento com multimídia sobre a intensidade da dor e a depressão em pacientes com lombalgia crónica.

          Métodos.

          Ensaio clínico controlado e aleatório, o grupo de intervenção recebeu educação sobre o manejo da dor consistente nuns temas (habilidades de comunicação, assertividade, manejo do estresse, habilidades para melhorar o estilo de vida e atividade física) disponíveis em sete CD mediante o método multimídia; e o grupo de controle recebeu a educação rotineira brindada durante as visitas ao médico, consistente na prescrição de medicamentos e a recepção das recomendações do médico e de outros profissionais sanitários. O Inventário de Depressão de Beck e o Questionário de Dor de Jensen se aplicaram aos dois grupos em três momentos: antes do treinamento, depois do treinamento e dois meses depois de acabar a intervenção.

          Resultados.

          O ANOVA de medidas repetidas mostrou que as pontuações médias da intensidade da dor e da depressão mudaram significativamente ao longo do tempo tanto no grupo de controle como no de intervenção ( p<0.001); porém, o efeito do grupo não foi significativo ( p=0.565, p=0.748, respectivamente). Por tanto, os resultados da interação tempo-grupo mostraram que se havia uma diferença significativa entre os dois grupos enquanto à intensidade da dor e a depressão ( p<0.001, p=0.003, respectivamente). O tamanho do efeito revelou que a diferença entre as pontuações médias de depressão antes e depois da intervenção em ambos os grupos era alta (1.04 e 1.45, respectivamente).

          Conclusão.

          Os resultados do estudo indicaram que o treinamento multimídia tem potencial para aliviar a intensidade da dor e a depressão em pacientes com lombalgia crónica inespecífica

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          Most cited references34

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          • Article: not found

          Psychometric properties of the Beck Depression Inventory: Twenty-five years of evaluation

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            A review of chronic pain impact on patients, their social environment and the health care system

            Chronic pain (CP) seriously affects the patient’s daily activities and quality of life, but few studies on CP have considered its effects on the patient’s social and family environment. In this work, through a review of the literature, we assessed several aspects of how CP influences the patient’s daily activities and quality of life, as well as its repercussions in the workplace, and on the family and social environment. Finally, the consequences of pain on the health care system are discussed. On the basis of the results, we concluded that in addition to the serious consequences on the patient’s life, CP has a severe detrimental effect on their social and family environment, as well as on health care services. Thus, we want to emphasize on the need to adopt a multidisciplinary approach to treatment so as to obtain more comprehensive improvements for patients in familial and social contexts. Accordingly, it would be beneficial to promote more social- and family-oriented research initiatives.
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              The measurement of clinical pain intensity: a comparison of six methods

              The measurement of subjective pain intensity continues to be important to both researchers and clinicians. Although several scales are currently used to assess the intensity construct, it remains unclear which of these provides the most precise, replicable, and predictively valid measure. Five criteria for judging intensity scales have been considered in previous research: ease of administration of scoring; relative rates of incorrect responding; sensitivity as defined by the number of available response categories; sensitivity as defined by statistical power; and the magnitude of the relationship between each scale and a linear combination of pain intensity indices. In order to judge commonly used pain intensity measures, 75 chronic pain patients were asked to rate 4 kinds of pain (present, least, most, and average) using 6 scales. The utility and validity of the scales was judged using the criteria listed above. The results indicate that, for the present sample, the scales yield similar results in terms of the number of subjects who respond correctly to them and their predictive validity. However, when considering the remaining 3 criteria, the 101-point numerical rating scale appears to be the most practical index.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Invest Educ Enferm
                Invest Educ Enferm
                iee
                Investigacion y Educacion en Enfermeria
                Imprenta Universidad de Antioquia
                0120-5307
                2216-0280
                30 March 2022
                Jan-Apr 2022
                : 40
                : 1
                : e13
                Affiliations
                [1 ] original Associate Professor. Community Based Psychiatric Care Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. Email: m2620.shaygan@gmail.com orgnameShiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz, Iran m2620.shaygan@ 123456gmail.com
                [2 ] original Assistant Professor. Community Based Psychiatric Care Research Center. Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. Email: azita635@yahoo.com. orgnameShiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz, Iran azita635@ 123456yahoo.com
                [3 ] original Nurse, Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of medical sciences, Shiraz, Iran. E-mail: firoozianelahe@gmail.com orgnameShiraz University of medical sciences Shiraz, Iran firoozianelahe@ 123456gmail.com
                [4 ] original Nurse Educator. Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. Email: researchnu1397@gmail.com orgdiv1Department of Nursing orgdiv2School of Nursing and Midwifery orgnameShiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz, Iran researchnu1397@ 123456gmail.com
                [5 ] original Associate Professor. Department of eLearning planning in Medical Sciences, Center of excellence for electronic learning, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. Email: sanaieyn@sums.ac.ir orgdiv1Department of eLearning planning in Medical Sciences orgdiv2Center of excellence for electronic learning orgnameShiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz, Iran sanaieyn@ 123456sums.ac.ir
                Author notes
                [* ]Corresponding author: Azita Jaberi, azita635@ 123456yahoo.com

                Conflicts of interest: None.

                Article
                10.17533/udea.iee.v40n1e13
                9052722
                35485626
                5cdb3796-2bda-4682-b743-2eb3566fa69a

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License

                History
                : 22 June 2021
                : 03 March 2022
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 2, Equations: 0, References: 30, Pages: 0
                Categories
                Original Article

                pain management,low back pain,depression.,manejo del dolor,dolor de la región lumbar,depresión.,manejo da dor,dor lombar,depressão.

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