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      Aborto en la adolescencia un problema de salud Translated title: The abortion in adolescence, a health problem

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          Abstract

          La interrupción de embarazo representa un problema de salud que compromete la salud reproductiva de las adolescentes tanto desde el punto de vista biológico, sicológico, como social. OBJETIVO: Correlacionar y evaluar las características biológicas, psicológicas y sociodemográficas de las adolescentes que se interrumpen el embarazo en el servicio de aborto del hospital "Dr. Julio Rafael Alfonso Medina" de Matanzas. MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio sobre el comportamiento del aborto inducido en el Hospital Ginecoobstétrico "Dr. Julio Rafael Alfonso Medina" de Matanzas durante el cuatrimestre septiembre-diciembre de 2009. El universo de trabajo estuvo integrado por 128 adolescentes que acudieron al servicio de aborto de dicho hospital. Para cumplimentar este objetivo se aplicó una encuesta. Se estudiaron variables como: edad, edad de la primera relación sexual, cantidad de compañeros sexuales, uso de anticoncepción en la primera relación sexual, escolaridad, convivencia con los padres, antecedentes familiares de embarazos en la adolescencia, vías por donde adquieren conocimientos sobre sexualidad, actitud ante el embarazo y quién decidió el aborto. Los datos fueron procesados, utilizando el paquete estadístico SPSS para Windows Versión 11.5, expresando los resultados en tablas. RESULTADOS: El grupo de edad predominante estuvo entre 15-17 años, 40,6 % de las adolescentes tuvo la primera relación sexual a los 15 años, 49,2 % ya había tenido 3 ó más parejas, el 39,6 % tenía abortos, 76,5 % no se protegió en su primera relación sexual, el 56,2 % continuaba sin protección, el 27,3 % vivía con ambos progenitores y en un gran porcentaje la gestación adolescente se había repetido en algún miembro de la familia. CONCLUSIONES: El inicio precoz de las relaciones sexuales, el no uso de anticoncepción, la promiscuidad, la presencia de familiares con embarazos en adolescencia, los hogares monoparentales, y la presión ejercida por la familia en la toma de decisión con relación al aborto tuvieron mayor representación estadística en el estudio.

          Translated abstract

          The pregnancy termination is a health problem involving the reproductive health of adolescents from the biological, psychological and social point of view. OBJECTIVE: To correlate and to assess the biological, psychological and sociodemographic features of adolescents who terminate their pregnancy in the "Dr. Julio Rafael Alfonso Medina" Gynecology and Obstetrics Hospital of Matanzas province during the period of four months (September-December, 2009). Universe included 128 adolescents seen in the abortion service of this center. To fulfill this objective a survey was done. The following variables were studied: age, age at the first sexual intercourse, number of sexual partners, use of contraconception in the first sexual intercourse, schooling level, parents living together, ways to know on sexuality, attitude in the face of pregnancy and who decide the abortion. Data were processed using the SPSS statistic package for Windows 11.5version, expressing the table's results. RESULTS: The predominant age group was between 15-17 years, the 40.6 % of adolescents had his first sexual intercourse at 15 years old, the 49.2 % had three or more partners, the 39.6 % had abortions, the 76.5 % had not protection in this first sexual intercourse, the 56.2% remains without protection, the 27.3 % lived with his parents and in a great percentage the pregnancy was repeated in some relatives. CONCLUSIONS: The early onset of sexual intercourses, the no use of contraception, the promiscuity, the presence of relatives with pregnancy during adolescence, the mono-parental homes and to live under family pressure in the decision-making related to abortion had a great statistic representation in present study.

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          Induced abortion: estimated rates and trends worldwide.

          Information on incidence of induced abortion is crucial for identifying policy and programmatic needs aimed at reducing unintended pregnancy. Because unsafe abortion is a cause of maternal morbidity and mortality, measures of its incidence are also important for monitoring progress towards Millennium Development Goal 5. We present new worldwide estimates of abortion rates and trends and discuss their implications for policies and programmes to reduce unintended pregnancy and unsafe abortion and to increase access to safe abortion. The worldwide and regional incidences of safe abortions in 2003 were calculated by use of reports from official national reporting systems, nationally representative surveys, and published studies. Unsafe abortion rates in 2003 were estimated from hospital data, surveys, and other published studies. Demographic techniques were applied to estimate numbers of abortions and to calculate rates and ratios for 2003. UN estimates of female populations and livebirths were the source for denominators for rates and ratios, respectively. Regions are defined according to UN classifications. Trends in abortion rates and incidences between 1995 and 2003 are presented. An estimated 42 million abortions were induced in 2003, compared with 46 million in 1995. The induced abortion rate in 2003 was 29 per 1000 women aged 15-44 years, down from 35 in 1995. Abortion rates were lowest in western Europe (12 per 1000 women). Rates were 17 per 1000 women in northern Europe, 18 per 1000 women in southern Europe, and 21 per 1000 women in northern America (USA and Canada). In 2003, 48% of all abortions worldwide were unsafe, and more than 97% of all unsafe abortions were in developing countries. There were 31 abortions for every 100 livebirths worldwide in 2003, and this ratio was highest in eastern Europe (105 for every 100 livebirths). Overall abortion rates are similar in the developing and developed world, but unsafe abortion is concentrated in developing countries. Ensuring that the need for contraception is met and that all abortions are safe will reduce maternal mortality substantially and protect maternal health.
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            Age patterns of unsafe abortion in developing country regions.

            Globally, 19 million women are estimated to undergo unsafe abortions each year. Age patterns of unsafe abortion are critical for tailoring effective interventions to prevent unsafe abortion and for providing post-abortion care. This paper estimates the incidence and the rate of unsafe abortion among women aged 15-44 in the Africa, Asia (excluding Eastern Asia), and Latin America/Caribbean regions, where a woman is likely to have close to one unsafe abortion by age 44. For developing regions as a whole, two-thirds of unsafe abortions occur among women aged 15-30 and 14% among women under age 20. The age pattern of unsafe abortions differs markedly between regions, however. Almost 60% of unsafe abortions in Africa are among women under age 25 and almost 80% are among women under 30. In Asia 30% of unsafe abortions are in women under 25 and 60% in women under 30. In Latin America and the Caribbean, women aged 20-29 account for more than half of unsafe abortions with almost 70% in women under 30. Over 40% of unsafe abortions among adolescents in the developing world occur in Africa, where one in four unsafe abortions takes place during adolescence. Young (under age 25) women in Africa, those over age 25 in Asia and women aged 20-35 years in Latin America and the Caribbean are in the greatest need of interventions to prevent unsafe abortion and good quality post-abortion care.
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              Reasons U.S. women have abortions: quantitative and qualitative perspectives.

              Understanding women's reasons for having abortions can inform public debate and policy regarding abortion and unwanted pregnancy. Demographic changes over the last two decades highlight the need for a reassessment of why women decide to have abortions. In 2004, a structured survey was completed by 1,209 abortion patients at 11 large providers, and in-depth interviews were conducted with 38 women at four sites. Bivariate analyses examined differences in the reasons for abortion across subgroups, and multivariate logistic regression models assessed associations between respondent characteristics and reported reasons. The reasons most frequently cited were that having a child would interfere with a woman's education, work or ability to care for dependents (74%); that she could not afford a baby now (73%); and that she did not want to be a single mother or was having relationship problems (48%). Nearly four in 10 women said they had completed their childbearing, and almost one-third were not ready to have a child. Fewer than 1% said their parents' or partners' desire for them to have an abortion was the most important reason. Younger women often reported that they were unprepared for the transition to motherhood, while older women regularly cited their responsibility to dependents. The decision to have an abortion is typically motivated by multiple, diverse and interrelated reasons. The themes of responsibility to others and resource limitations, such as financial constraints and lack of partner support, recurred throughout the study.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                gin
                Revista Cubana de Obstetricia y Ginecología
                Rev Cubana Obstet Ginecol
                Editorial Ciencias Médicas (Ciudad de la Habana, , Cuba )
                0138-600X
                1561-3062
                September 2010
                : 36
                : 3
                : 409-421
                Affiliations
                [01] Matanzas orgnameHospital Docente Ginecoobstétrico Dr. Julio R. Alfonso Medina Cuba normadoblado.mtz@ 123456infomed.sld.cu
                Article
                S0138-600X2010000300011 S0138-600X(10)03600311
                5d339aed-a7d0-4276-85ba-8bcf7ca4f458

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 12 June 2010
                : 27 June 2010
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 21, Pages: 13
                Product

                SciELO Cuba

                Self URI: Texto completo solamente en formato PDF (ES)
                Categories
                GINECOLOGÍA Y SALUD REPRODUCTIVA

                salud reproductiva,Adolescencia,aborto,anticoncepción,Adolescence,abortion,contraception,reproductive health

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