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      Racial differences in anticipated COVID-19 vaccine acceptance among religious populations in the US

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          Abstract

          Given high COVID-19 infection and mortality rates among racial minorities in the US and their higher rates of religiosity, it is important to examine how the intersection of race and religion influences perceptions of COVID-19 vaccinations. Data for this study come from online surveys conducted in twelve congregations between October and December 2020 (N = 1,609). Based on logistic regression analyses, this study demonstrates a severe disparity of 24 percentage points (95% confidence interval 0.14–0.33) in anticipated COVID-19 vaccine acceptance between African Americans and White Americans, even when controlling for trust in COVID-19 information from scientists and levels of worrying about COVID-19 as well as religiosity and demographic factors. Religiosity is negatively associated with COVID-19 vaccine acceptance across racial groups. The findings suggest that the intersection of race and religion should be considered when designing immunization programs, for instance by fostering collaborations and dialogue with faith leaders of racial minority congregations.

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          Determinants of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance in the US

          Amyn A. Malik, SarahAnn McFadden, Jad Elharake … (2020)
          Background The COVID-19 pandemic continues to adversely affect the U.S., which leads globally in total cases and deaths. As COVID-19 vaccines are under development, public health officials and policymakers need to create strategic vaccine-acceptance messaging to effectively control the pandemic and prevent thousands of additional deaths. Methods Using an online platform, we surveyed the U.S. adult population in May 2020 to understand risk perceptions about the COVID-19 pandemic, acceptance of a COVID-19 vaccine, and trust in sources of information. These factors were compared across basic demographics. Findings Of the 672 participants surveyed, 450 (67%) said they would accept a COVID-19 vaccine if it is recommended for them. Males (72%) compared to females, older adults (≥55 years; 78%) compared to younger adults, Asians (81%) compared to other racial and ethnic groups, and college and/or graduate degree holders (75%) compared to people with less than a college degree were more likely to accept the vaccine. When comparing reported influenza vaccine uptake to reported acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine: 1) participants who did not complete high school had a very low influenza vaccine uptake (10%), while 60% of the same group said they would accept the COVID-19 vaccine; 2) unemployed participants reported lower influenza uptake and lower COVID-19 vaccine acceptance when compared to those employed or retired; and, 3) Black Americans reported lower influenza vaccine uptake and lower COVID-19 vaccine acceptance than all other racial groups reported in our study. Lastly, we identified geographic differences with Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) regions 2 (New York) and 5 (Chicago) reporting less than 50 percent COVID-19 vaccine acceptance. Interpretation Although our study found a 67% acceptance of a COVID-19 vaccine, there were noticeable demographic and geographical disparities in vaccine acceptance. Before a COVID-19 vaccine is introduced to the U.S., public health officials and policymakers must prioritize effective COVID-19 vaccine-acceptance messaging for all Americans, especially those who are most vulnerable.
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            The Disproportionate Impact of COVID-19 on Racial and Ethnic Minorities in the United States

            Don Bambino Geno Tai, Aditya Shah, Chyke Doubeni … (2020)
            Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic has disproportionately affected racial and ethnic minority groups, with high rates of death in African American, Native American, and LatinX communities. While the mechanisms of these disparities are being investigated, they can be conceived as arising from biomedical factors as well as social determinants of health. Minority groups are disproportionately affected by chronic medical conditions and lower access to healthcare that may portend worse COVID-19 outcomes. Furthermore, minority communities are more likely to experience living and working conditions that predispose them to worse outcomes. Underpinning these disparities are long-standing structural and societal factors that the COVID-19 pandemic has exposed. Clinicians can partner with patients and communities to reduce the short-term impact of COVID-19 disparities while advocating for structural change.
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              Polarization and Public Health: Partisan Differences in Social Distancing during the Coronavirus Pandemic ☆

              Hunt Allcott, Levi Boxell, Jacob Conway … (2020)
              We study partisan differences in Americans’ response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Political leaders and media outlets on the right and left have sent divergent messages about the severity of the crisis, which could impact the extent to which Republicans and Democrats engage in social distancing and other efforts to reduce disease transmission. We develop a simple model of a pandemic response with heterogeneous agents that clarifies the causes and consequences of heterogeneous responses. We use location data from a large sample of smartphones to show that areas with more Republicans engaged in less social distancing, controlling for other factors including public policies, population density, and local COVID cases and deaths. We then present new survey evidence of significant gaps at the individual level between Republicans and Democrats in self-reported social distancing, beliefs about personal COVID risk, and beliefs about the future severity of the pandemic.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Vaccine
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Vaccine
                Title: Vaccine
                Publisher: Elsevier Ltd.
                ISSN (Print): 0264-410X
                ISSN (Electronic): 1873-2518
                Publication date PMC-release: 7 September 2021
                Publication date (Electronic): 7 September 2021
                Affiliations
                [a ]Department of Sociology, The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC, United States
                [b ]Nuffield College, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
                Author notes
                [* ]Corresponding author at: The Catholic University of America, Department of Sociology, 107b Aquinas Hall, 620 Michigan Ave., N.E., Washington, DC 20064, United States.
                Article
                Publisher Item ID: S0264-410X(21)01184-1
                DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.09.005
                PMC ID: 8446822
                PubMed ID: 34544600
                SO-VID: 5daadb17-af09-4fc0-b749-b3c1e9cf1304
                Copyright © © 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
                License:

                Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.

                History
                Date received : 16 February 2021
                Date revision received : 13 August 2021
                Date accepted : 2 September 2021
                Categories
                Subject: Short Communication

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Infectious disease & Microbiology
                Keywords: covid-19,vaccine acceptance,vaccine hesitancy,racial minorities,religion,health disparities
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Infectious disease & Microbiology
                Keywords: covid-19, vaccine acceptance, vaccine hesitancy, racial minorities, religion, health disparities

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