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      Ovarian involvement in Crohn's disease: a rare complication Translated title: Afectación ovárica en la enfermedad de Crohn: una complicación rara

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          Abstract

          Background: The transmural condition of Crohn's disease predisposes to fistulae or abscesses. The internal fistula incidence is about 15%. Among them, enteroovarian fistula is rarely described on the literature. Herein, the authors present three cases of enteroovarian fistulas. Case reports: Two women are diagnosed with ileal Crohn's disease that presented a pelvic abscess diagnosed by ultrasound and CT. On surgery, an inflammatory mass involving the ileum and the ovary was found. The third woman was operated because of a tuboovarian abscess and was diagnosed with ileal Crohn's disease afterwards. In the three cases, the histopathological analysis of the ovary showed granulomas with abscess compatible with Crohn's disease. In one of the cases, multinucleated giant cells were found in the foreign body reaction to vegetable matter. A right ileocolectomy and an adnexectomy were performed in all three cases. No further involvement of the contralateral ovary or other gynaecological complications was observed. Discussion: The treatment of Crohn's disease complications should be individualized. In the case of ovarian involvement, surgical treatment should include adnexectomy.

          Translated abstract

          Introducción: la naturaleza transmural de la enfermedad de Crohn predispone a fístulas o abscesos. La incidencia de las fístulas internas está alrededor del 15%. Entre ellas, las fístulas enteroováricas son raramente descritas en la literatura. Se presentan tres casos de fístulas enteroováricas. Casos clínicos: dos mujeres diagnosticadas de enfermedad de Crohn ileal presentaron un absceso pélvico que fue diagnosticado mediante ecografía y TC. En la cirugía se halló una masa inflamatoria que afectaba al íleon y al ovario. La tercera mujer fue operada por un absceso tuboovárico y diagnosticada posteriormente de enfermedad de Crohn ileal. En los tres casos, el análisis anatomopatológico del ovario demostró la existencia de granulomas con abscesos compatible con la enfermedad de Crohn. En uno de los casos se hallaron células gigantes multinucleadas como reacción a cuerpo extraño, tratándose de material vegetal. En los tres casos se realizó una ileocolectomía derecha y una anexectomía. En el seguimiento no se ha observado afectación alguna del ovario contralateral, ni otras complicaciones ginecológicas. Discusión: el tratamiento de las complicaciones de la enfermedad de Crohn debe ser individualizado. En caso de afectación ovárica, el tratamiento quirúrgico debe incluir la anexectomía.

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          Most cited references16

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          Genital fistulas in female Crohn's disease patients.: clinical characteristics and response to therapy.

          Genital fistulas (GF) can arise in the course of Crohn's disease (CD), are difficult to manage and determine a significant alteration of the quality of life. To review the joint experience of the Inflammatory Bowel Disease Units in six University Hospitals in the management of GF in Crohn's disease on female patients. A total of 47 patients with GF were identified, affecting 3.8% of women with CD treated in our centers. A 47.5% of patients were smokers. The median of time from the diagnosis of CD reached 102 months. According to anatomical type, GF were classified as rectovaginal (74.5%), anovaginal/anovulvar (21.3%) and enterovaginal (4.3%). Main symptoms were vaginal discharge of fecal material (55.3%), vaginal passage of gas (40.4%), or both. Fistulas were treated with antibiotics in 59.6% of patients, without any lasting success. Thiopurines were used in 80.9% of cases, with 13.2% of complete and 23.7% of partial responses. Anti TNF-alpha therapy was applied in 63.8%, with a 16.7% of complete and a 30% of partial responses (all responding patients received infliximab). Surgery was indicated in 38.3% of patients, with a 22% of complete responses after a first operation and 38.8% after reintervention. In all, definitive closure after one or more of these therapies was achieved in only 31.9% of cases. Genital fistulas are a significant problem in female Crohn's disease patients. Therapy is not well defined and only partially effective (one in three cases). Surgical therapy stands out as the most effective treatment. Copyright © 2011 European Crohn's and Colitis Organisation. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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            Gynecologic history of women with inflammatory bowel disease.

            To describe the gynecologic history of women with inflammatory bowel disease. Questionnaires were sent to the 1000 women age 20-60 who had been hospitalized for inflammatory bowel disease at the Cleveland Clinic Foundation during 1989-1993. There were 692 responses, and those from 662 women who had undergone surgery for inflammatory bowel disease were analyzed. Of the 117 women who had undergone hysterectomy, 85 responded to follow-up questionnaires. Three hundred sixty women had Crohn disease, 251 had ulcerative colitis, and 51 had inflammatory bowel disease of indeterminate or unknown type. Menstrual abnormalities were reported by 58%. Symptomatic vaginal discharge, reported by 40%, was more likely to occur in those with Crohn disease than with ulcerative colitis (odds ratio [OR] 2.09, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.47-2.99; P < .001). Infertility was reported by 25% of the women in this series. Abdominal pain with sexual intercourse (50% overall) was more common in women with Crohn disease than in those who had ulcerative colitis (OR 1.64, 95% CI 1.13-2.40; P = .01), but pain with penetration (55% overall) did not differ statistically by type of inflammatory bowel disease. Half of the women reported the loss of pleasure or desire for sex. Ovarian cysts had been diagnosed in 39% of women and resulted in surgical treatment in 57% of these. One hundred seventeen women (18%) had undergone hysterectomy, 52 (44% of total) at age 35 or younger. Gynecologic conditions are common in women with inflammatory bowel disease, including menstrual abnormalities, vaginal discharge, infertility, and gynecologic surgery. All physicians providing care for women with inflammatory bowel disease should be familiar with the frequency and nature of concurrent gynecologic conditions.
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              Ovarian granulomas: a report of 32 cases.

              To determine the causes of ovarian granulomatous inflammation and to discuss the differential diagnoses. The pathological features of all ovarian granulomas identified by pathology SNOMED coding in Northern Ireland over a 13 year period were reviewed. Case notes of patients were also reviewed. The most common cause of ovarian granuloma was a foreign body reaction to suture material introduced at a previous operative procedure (15 cases). Other causes were Crohn's disease (four cases), previous diathermy (two cases), tuberculosis (two cases), a necrotising reaction following previous surgery (two cases), endometriosis (one case), and bacterial tubo-ovarian abscess (one case). In five cases, no cause was apparent for the granulomatous inflammation. In these, varying numbers of small, well circumscribed cortical granulomas were present. These cases correspond to so-called "idiopathic" cortical granulomas. The study confirms the wide range of conditions which can give rise to ovarian granulomatous inflammation.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                diges
                Revista Española de Enfermedades Digestivas
                Rev. esp. enferm. dig.
                Sociedad Española de Patología Digestiva
                1130-0108
                February 2016
                : 108
                : 2
                : 100-103
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Hospital Lluís Alcanyís Spain
                Article
                S1130-01082016000200010
                26838494
                5dde9fb4-08ea-40ae-b53c-898852e24dbb

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Categories
                GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY

                Gastroenterology & Hepatology
                Crohn's disease,Enterovarian fistula,Fistula,Enfermedad de Crohn,Fístula enteroovárica,Fístula

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