Orientación Religiosa, Identidad Grupal y Religiosidad como Predictores del Fundamentalismo Religioso

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Abstract

Resumen: El fundamentalismo religioso es clave para entender situaciones de discriminación y violencia que se viven alrededor del mundo, conocer qué es lo que se encuentra detrás de esta característica psicosocial de las personas, puede ayudar a entender y prevenir este tipo de comportamientos nocivos. El objetivo de este estudio fue conocer el papel que desempeñan las variables de orientación religiosa, identidad grupal y religiosidad como predictores del fundamentalismo religioso. La muestra estuvo integrada por 533 personas residentes del Distrito Federal y del estado de Guanajuato, pertenecientes a alguna de las cuatro principales ideologías religiosas presentes en México, Católicos (160), Testigos de Jehová (142), Cristianos Evangélicos (115) y no religiosos (116), 50.3% de los cuales fueron mujeres. Los resultados, obtenidos mediante el análisis de regresión, revelan que los tres tipos de orientación religiosa: Orientación Religiosa Intrínseca (ORI), Orientación Religiosa Extrínseca Social (ORES) y Orientación Religiosa Extrínseca Individual (OREI), así como la Identidad Grupal Negativa (IGN) y la Religiosidad son buenos predictores de los componentes del fundamentalismo religioso.

Translated abstract

Abstract: Religious fundamentalism is key to understanding existing discrimination and violence worldwide. Knowing what is behind this psychosocial characteristic can help understand and prevent this type of harmful behavior. The aim of this study was to determine how religious orientation (RO), group identity (Gl), and religiosity predict religious fundamentalism. The sample consisted of 533 residents of México City and the state of Guanajuato (50.3% women; Mean age = 36), that belonged to one of four major Mexican religious ideologies: Catholic (n = 160), Jehova's Witnesses (n = 142), Evangelical Christian (n = 115) and non-religious (n = 116). Four psychological scales were used: 1) Fundamentalism Scale, which consists of two subscales: Orthodoxy and Conservatism; 2) the Religious Orientation Scale, which consists of three subscales: Intrinsic Religious Orientation (IRO), Extrinsic Personal (EPRO), and Extrinsic Social (ORES); 3) Group Identity Scale, which consists of twosubscales: Positive Group Identity (PGI) and Negative Group Identity (NGI); and 4) Religiosity Scale. The regression results revealed that IRO, Religiosity, NGI and ORES were positively related to Orthodoxy. ORI, IGN and Religiosity were positively related to Conservatism. EPRO was negatively related to Conservatism. The results indícate that Religious Orientation, Religiosity, and Group Identity are strong significant predictors of religious fundamentalism.

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Why Don’t We Practice What We Preach? A Meta-Analytic Review of Religious Racism

Deborah L. Hall, David C Matz, Wendy Wood (2010)

A meta-analytic review of past research evaluated the link between religiosity and racism in the United States since the Civil Rights Act. Religious racism partly reflects intergroup dynamics. That is, a strong religious in-group identity was associated with derogation of racial out-groups. Other races might be treated as out-groups because religion is practiced largely within race, because training in a religious in-group identity promotes general ethnocentrism, and because different others appear to be in competition for resources. In addition, religious racism is tied to basic life values of social conformity and respect for tradition. In support, individuals who were religious for reasons of conformity and tradition expressed racism that declined in recent years with the decreased societal acceptance of overt racial discrimination. The authors failed to find that racial tolerance arises from humanitarian values, consistent with the idea that religious humanitarianism is largely expressed to in-group members. Only religious agnostics were racially tolerant.