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      Acidosis tubular renal distal. Serie de casos y revisión narrativa Translated title: Distal renal tubular acidosis: case series report and literature review

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          Abstract

          Resumen La acidosis tubular renal distal es causada por un defecto en la excreción de iones de hidrogeno a nivel tubular distal, lo que aumenta el pH de la orina y disminuye el pH plasmático; esta es una enfermedad con varias manifestaciones clínicas asociadas. En este artículo se hace una revisión profunda sobre la acidosis tubular renal distal y se presenta el caso de tres hermanos (dos hombres y una mujer) con la entidad, siendo este uno de los primeros casos familiares reportados en Colombia. Los tres pacientes recibieron el diagnóstico durante el período de lactancia, presentaron nefrocalcinosis y tuvieron buena respuesta a la terapia con álcali iniciada de forma temprana, logrando eventualmente su suspensión. De manera curiosa, uno de los pacientes también presentó deficiencia de mevalonato quinasa con hiperinmunoglobulinemia D, una alteración no descrita con anterioridad. Esta asociación y la aparente falta de necesidad de continuar el manejo con álcali son atípicas a la luz del conocimiento actual, mereciendo especial consideración.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract The distal renal tubular acidosis presents due to a defect in the excretion of hydrogen ions at the distal tubular level, causing an increase in the pH of the urine and a decrease in the plasma pH, with several associated clinical manifestations. This article makes a thorough review of distal renal tubular acidosis and presents the case of three siblings with the entity, two men and one woman, this being one of the first family cases reported in Colombia. All three received the diagnosis during the lactation period, presented nephrocalcinosis and good response to the alkali therapy started early, eventually achieving their suspension. Interestingly, one of them also presented deficiency mevalonate-kinase with hiperinmunoglobulinemia D, alteration not previously described. This association and the apparent lack of need for continued management with alkali are atypical in the light of current knowledge, deserving special consideration.

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          Novel ATP6V1B1 and ATP6V0A4 mutations in autosomal recessive distal renal tubular acidosis with new evidence for hearing loss.

          Autosomal recessive distal renal tubular acidosis (rdRTA) is characterised by severe hyperchloraemic metabolic acidosis in childhood, hypokalaemia, decreased urinary calcium solubility, and impaired bone physiology and growth. Two types of rdRTA have been differentiated by the presence or absence of sensorineural hearing loss, but appear otherwise clinically similar. Recently, we identified mutations in genes encoding two different subunits of the renal alpha-intercalated cell's apical H(+)-ATPase that cause rdRTA. Defects in the B1 subunit gene ATP6V1B1, and the a4 subunit gene ATP6V0A4, cause rdRTA with deafness and with preserved hearing, respectively. We have investigated 26 new rdRTA kindreds, of which 23 are consanguineous. Linkage analysis of seven novel SNPs and five polymorphic markers in, and tightly linked to, ATP6V1B1 and ATP6V0A4 suggested that four families do not link to either locus, providing strong evidence for additional genetic heterogeneity. In ATP6V1B1, one novel and five previously reported mutations were found in 10 kindreds. In 12 ATP6V0A4 kindreds, seven of 10 mutations were novel. A further nine novel ATP6V0A4 mutations were found in "sporadic" cases. The previously reported association between ATP6V1B1 defects and severe hearing loss in childhood was maintained. However, several patients with ATP6V0A4 mutations have developed hearing loss, usually in young adulthood. We show here that ATP6V0A4 is expressed within the human inner ear. These findings provide further evidence for genetic heterogeneity in rdRTA, extend the spectrum of disease causing mutations in ATP6V1B1 and ATP6V0A4, and show ATP6V0A4 expression within the cochlea for the first time.
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            Renal Tubular Acidosis: The Clinical Entity

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              Effects of pH on potassium: new explanations for old observations.

              Maintenance of extracellular K(+) concentration within a narrow range is vital for numerous cell functions, particularly electrical excitability of heart and muscle. Potassium homeostasis during intermittent ingestion of K(+) involves rapid redistribution of K(+) into the intracellular space to minimize increases in extracellular K(+) concentration, and ultimate elimination of the K(+) load by renal excretion. Recent years have seen great progress in identifying the transporters and channels involved in renal and extrarenal K(+) homeostasis. Here we apply these advances in molecular physiology to understand how acid-base disturbances affect serum potassium.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                rcnef
                Revista Colombiana de Nefrología
                Rev. colom. nefrol.
                Asociación Colombiana de Nefrología e Hipertensión Arterial (Bogotá, Distrito Capital, Colombia )
                2500-5006
                June 2020
                : 7
                : 1
                : 97-112
                Affiliations
                [1] Bogotá D.C orgnameUniversidad Nacional de Colombia orgdiv1Departamento de Pediatría orgdiv2Facultad de Medicina Colombia
                [3] Bogotá D.C orgnameUniversidad Nacional de Colombia orgdiv1Departamento de Pediatría orgdiv2Facultad de Medicina Colombia
                [2] Bogotá D.C Arauca orgnameUniversidad Nacional de Colombia orgdiv1Servicio de Medicina Interna Colombia
                Article
                S2500-50062020000100097 S2500-5006(20)00700100097
                10.22265/acnef.7.1.355
                5f1cb198-95fc-4642-931a-d56799eab5dd

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 18 May 2019
                : 17 July 2019
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 89, Pages: 16
                Product

                SciELO Colombia

                Categories
                Artículo casos clinicos

                enfermedades raras,renal tubular,distal,genética,genetics,nefrocalcinosis,Acidosis,kidney tubules,acidosis tubular renal,rare diseases,túbulos renales distales,nephrocalcinosis

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