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      Múltiples anomalías congénitas en el contexto de cardiopatía congénita con retorno venoso anómalo Translated title: Multiple Congenital Anomalies in the Context of Congenital Cardiopathy with Abnormal Venous Return

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          Abstract

          Resumen Las cardiopatías congénitas son alteraciones de la forma y función del corazón y corresponden a la segunda anomalía congénita más frecuente en el mundo. En Colombia, se registra una prevalencia de 15,7 por cada 10.000 recién nacidos, con predominio masculino y con una mortalidad prenatal del 2,7 % y una posnatal del 2,5 % durante el primer año de vida. En cuanto a la frecuencia por subtipo, la comunicación interventricular, la comunicación interauricular, la hipoplasia del ventrículo izquierdo, la coartación aórtica y la trasposición de grandes vasos atañen las patologías más frecuentes. De estas, más de la mitad corresponde a una anomalía de tipo aislado. El presente caso corresponde a una recién nacida, sin antecedentes prenatales de importancia, con un único hallazgo en ecografías antenatales compatible con arteria umbilical única, quien nació por cesárea a las 39 semanas de gestación, por estado fetal insatisfactorio. Dada mala adaptación neonatal e hipoxia asociada, se realizaron estudios de extensión que evidenciaron retorno pulmonar anómalo, inicialmente sospechado como hallazgo único y aislado. En la exploración clínica adicional se halló una hipoplasia de los músculos de la masticación, sugestiva de una alteración en la embriogénesis del primer arco faríngeo. Al reclasificar esta anomalía como sindrómica, se sospechó de un trastorno por deleción de 22q11.2. Durante su estancia hospitalaria falleció por complicaciones secundarias a sepsis neonatal tardía. La autopsia evidenció un retorno venoso pulmonar anómalo, una entidad rara que corresponde del 0,5 al 3 % de las cardiopatías congénitas y su variante parcial corresponden a menos del 0,7 %.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Congenital heart diseases are alterations in the shape and function of the heart and correspond to the second most common congenital anomaly in the world. In Colombia, there is a prevalence of 15.7 per 10,000 newborns, with male predominance with an estimated mortality of 2.7% in the prenatal period and 2.5% during the first year of life. In terms of frequency, ventricular septal defect, atrial septal defect, left ventricular hypoplasia, coarctation of the aorta and transposition of the great vessels correspond to the most frequent pathologies. Of these, more than half correspond to isolated anomalies. In this present case, we report a female newborn, with no significant prenatal history, with an only finding on screening ultrasound compatible with a single umbilical artery, who, due to an unsatisfactory fetal state at 39 weeks, was born by cesarean section. Given neonatal maladaptation and associated hypoxia, extension studies were perform showing abnormal pulmonary return, initially suspected as a single and isolated finding. Additional clinical examination revealed hypoplasia of the mastication muscles, suggestive of an alteration in the embryogenesis of the first pharyngeal arch. Reclassifying this abnormality as syndromic, a 22q11.2 deletion disorder was suspect. During his hospital stay, she died from complications of late neonatal sepsis. In the autopsy study an incomplete anomalous pulmonary return were evident, which is a rare entity, corresponding to 0.5 to 3% of congenital heart diseases, of which partial ones correspond to less than 0.7%.

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          Congenital heart disease in the general population: changing prevalence and age distribution.

          Empirical data on the changing epidemiology of congenital heart disease (CHD) are scant. We determined the prevalence, age distribution, and proportion of adults and children with severe and other forms of CHD in the general population from 1985 to 2000. Where healthcare access is universal, we used administrative databases that systematically recorded all diagnoses and claims. Diagnostic codes conformed to the International Classification of Disease, ninth revision. Severe CHD was defined as tetralogy of Fallot, truncus arteriosus, transposition complexes, endocardial cushion defects, and univentricular heart. Prevalence of severe and other CHD lesions was determined in 1985, 1990, 1995, and 2000 using population numbers in Quebec. Children were subjects <18 years of age. The prevalence was 4.09 per 1000 adults in the year 2000 for all CHD and 0.38 per 1000 (9%) for those with severe lesions. Female subjects accounted for 57% of the adult CHD population. The median age of all patients with severe CHD was 11 years (interquartile range, 4 to 22 years) in 1985 and 17 years (interquartile range, 10 to 28 years) in 2000 (P<0.0001). The prevalence of severe CHD increased from 1985 to 2000, but the increase in adults was significantly higher than that observed in children. In the year 2000, 49% of those alive with severe CHD were adults. The prevalence in adults and median age of patients with severe CHD increased in the general population from 1985 to 2000. In 2000, there were nearly equal numbers of adults and children with severe CHD.
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            Global birth prevalence of congenital heart defects 1970–2017: updated systematic review and meta-analysis of 260 studies

            Abstract Background Globally, access to healthcare and diagnostic technologies are known to substantially impact the reported birth prevalence of congenital heart disease (CHD). Previous studies have shown marked heterogeneity between different regions, with a suggestion that CHD prevalence is rising globally, but the degree to which this reflects differences due to environmental or genetic risk factors, as opposed to improved detection, is uncertain. We performed an updated systematic review to address these issues. Methods Studies reporting the birth prevalence of CHD between the years 1970–2017 were identified from searches of PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science and Google Scholar. Data on the prevalence of total CHD and 27 anatomical subtypes of CHD were collected. Data were combined using random-effect models. Subgroup and meta-regression analyses were conducted, focused on geographical regions and levels of national income. Results Two hundred and sixty studies met the inclusion criteria, encompassing 130 758 851 live births. The birth prevalence of CHD from 1970–2017 progressively increased to a maximum in the period 2010–17 of 9.410/1000 [95% CI (confidence interval) 8.602–10.253]. This represented a significant increase over the fifteen prior years (P = 0.031). The change in prevalence of mild CHD lesions (ventricular septal defect, atrial septal defect and patent ductus arteriosus) together explained 93.4% of the increased overall prevalence, consistent with a major role of improved postnatal detection of less severe lesions. In contrast the prevalence of lesions grouped together as left ventricular outflow tract obstruction (which includes hypoplastic left heart syndrome) decreased from 0.689/1000 (95% CI 0.607–0.776) in 1995–99, to 0.475/1000 (95% CI 0.392–0.565; P = 0.004) in 2010–17, which would be consistent with improved prenatal detection and consequent termination of pregnancy when these very severe lesions are discovered. There was marked heterogeneity among geographical regions, with Africa reporting the lowest prevalence [2.315/1000 (95% CI 0.429–5.696)] and Asia the highest [9.342/1000 (95% CI 8.072–10.704)]. Conclusions The reported prevalence of CHD globally continues to increase, with evidence of severe unmet diagnostic need in Africa. The recent prevalence of CHD in Asia for the first time appears higher than in Europe and America, where disease ascertainment is likely to be near-complete, suggesting higher genetic or environmental susceptibility to CHD among Asian people.
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              Epidemiology and major subtypes of congenital heart defects in Hunan Province, China

              Abstract Congenital heart defects (CHDs) are the most common birth defects (BDs) and account for nearly one-third of all BDs. The aim of this article was to investigate the epidemiology and major subtypes of CHDs in Hunan Province, China in the last 5 years. CHD surveillance data from 2012 to 2016 were collected from 52 registered hospitals in Hunan. The prevalence rates of CHDs, incidence rates of CHDs combined with other BDs, and rates of termination of pregnancy (TOP) for CHDs among different regions, infant sexes, and maternal ages were calculated for both early fetuses (<28 weeks of gestation) and perinatal infants (PIs) (between 28 weeks of gestation and 7 days after birth). Both the constituent ratio and prevalence rates were computed among subtypes. CHDs were found in 6289 out of 673,060 births. The overall prevalence was 93.44 per 10,000 PIs, with 19.27 and 74.17 per 10,000 in early fetuses and PIs, respectively. The risks of CHDs were higher in infants from urban areas than those from rural areas during the whole gestation and were higher in male infants than in female infants during the perinatal period. The total prevalence of CHDs increased significantly with maternal age (χ 2 trend = 141.84, P < .05). Among fetuses in early gestation, there were 288 cases (22.21%) of CHDs combined with other BDs and 1292 cases (99.61%) of TOP for CHD. The 3 major subtypes of CHDs were ventricular septal defect (VSD) (22.06%), Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) (9.43%), and atrioventricular septal defect (AVSD) (6.69%). Among PIs, there were 1541 cases (30.87%) of CHD diagnosed before delivery and 1184 cases (76.83%) were TOP. The 3 major subtypes were atrial septal defect (ASD) (42.81%), patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) (16.07%), and VSDs (15.21%). The total prevalence of CHD in Hunan Province and the rate of TOP for CHD was high, especially for early-gestation fetuses. Pregnancies in urban women, male PIs, and maternal age were the risk factors for CHDs. Among early-gestation fetuses, the most common types were VSD, TOF, and ASD, and among PIs, the most common types were ASD, PDA, and VSD.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                unmed
                Universitas Medica
                Univ. Med.
                Pontificia Universidad Javeriana (Bogotá, Distrito Capital, Colombia )
                0041-9095
                2011-0839
                June 2021
                : 62
                : 2
                : e31716
                Affiliations
                [2] Bogotá orgnamePontificia Universidad Javeriana Colombia
                [1] Bogotá orgnamePontificia Universidad Javeriana Colombia
                [3] Bogotá orgnamePontificia Universidad Javeriana Colombia olaya.m@ 123456javeriana.edu.co
                Article
                S2011-08392021000200013 S2011-0839(21)06200200013
                10.11144/javeriana.umed62-2.macc
                5f4686e7-21e8-4fe4-92bd-de9be45d903b

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 23 March 2021
                : 18 February 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 23, Pages: 0
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                SciELO Colombia

                Self URI: Texto completo solamente en formato PDF (ES)
                Categories
                Reportes de caso

                autopsy,DiGeorge syndrome,heart septal defects,heart defects-congenital,autopsia,síndrome de DiGeorge,defectos de los tabiques cardíacos,cardiopatías congénitas

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