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      The Role of Cell Lines in the Study of Neuroendocrine Tumors

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          Abstract

          Cell lines originating from neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) represent useful experimental models to assess the control of synthesis and release of different hormones and hormone-like peptides, to evaluate the mechanisms of action of these agents in target tissues at the cellular and subcellular levels, and to study cell proliferation and tumor development, as well as the effect of different drugs on these complex processes. To date, the understanding of NET biology (with regard to their mechanisms of hormone secretion, cell proliferation and metastatic spread) has been hampered by the lack of appropriate animal models or cell lines for their study. In the present review, we aim to summarize the recent in vitro /in vivo data regarding cell lines derived from NETs which are most frequently employed in experimental neuroendocrinology.

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          Consensus report on the use of somatostatin analogs for the management of neuroendocrine tumors of the gastroenteropancreatic system.

          K Oberg, L. Kvols, M. Caplin … (2004)
          This consensus report gives a detailed description of the use of somatostatin analogs in the management of neuroendocrine tumors of the gastroenteropancreatic system. As background information we have outlined critical aspects of the pathology, the use of tumor markers, a definition of functional and non-functional digestive neuroendocrine tumors, different imaging modalities, surgical considerations, liver embolization and the use of cytotoxic drugs as well as interferon. Included in the report is an overview of somatostatin, somatostatin analogs and its receptor expression in different neuroendocrine tumors. It will also define the binding affinities of different somatostatin analogs to the five different subtypes of somatostatin receptor. We compare the efficacy of octreotide and lanreotide in reducing diarrhea and flushing. Side-effects are described and we provide practical information on somatostatin analog treatment.
          Article 0 comments Cited 83 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Carcinoid tumour.

            A J Hilson, J Buscombe, A. Burroughs … (1998)
            Carcinoid tumours are often indolent asymptomatic tumours. However, a small but significant proportion are malignant and difficult to manage. Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN-1) may be associated with carcinoid tumours and should therefore be considered in the investigation of these patients. This review puts into context the use of newer imaging modalities, including octreotide scintigraphy. The therapeutic treatment options are discussed, including the use of octreotide, the role of receptor-targeted therapy, hepatic-artery embolisation, and the arguments against chemotherapy. We review the need for careful patient selection when considering curative and palliative surgery, including liver transplantation. We conclude that there are now better diagnostic tools and therapeutic options available for those patients with malignant carcinoid tumours, and that these patients are best managed by a multidisciplinary approach. Earlier detection and treatment of these tumours should lead to improved quality of life and survival, which, ideally, should be assessed in formal trials.
            Article 0 comments Cited 55 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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              Neuroendocrine neoplasms of the gut and pancreas: new insights.

              Guido Rindi, Bertram Wiedenmann (2011)
              Neuroendocrine neoplasms arise in almost every organ of the body and are variably defined according to the site of origin. This Review focuses on neuroendocrine neoplasms of the digestive tract and pancreas. The 2010 WHO classification of tumors of the digestive system introduces grading and staging tools for neuroendocrine neoplasms. A carcinoid is now defined as a grade 1 or 2 neuroendocrine tumor and grade 3, small-cell or large-cell carcinomas are defined as neuroendocrine carcinoma. Epidemiological data show a worldwide increase in the prevalence and incidence of gastroentero-pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors in the past few decades, which is probably due to improved methods of detection of these tumors. The current diagnostic procedures and treatment options for neuroendocrine neoplasms are defined and summarized in the Review, although evidence-based data are lacking. Surgery remains the treatment mainstay and somatostatin analogues the basis for both diagnosis and therapy as the only 'theranostic' tool. Emerging compounds including chemotherapeutic agents, small molecules and biological therapies may provide new hope for patients.
              Article 0 comments Cited 45 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (publisher-id): NEN
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Neuroendocrinology
                Journal ID (doi): 10.1159/issn.0028-3835
                Title: Neuroendocrinology
                Publisher: S. Karger AG
                ISSN (Print): 0028-3835
                ISSN (Electronic): 1423-0194
                Publication date Subscription-year: 2012
                Publication date (Print): November 2012
                Publication date (Electronic): 25 April 2012
                Volume: 96
                Issue: 3
                Pages: 173-187
                Affiliations
                aNeuroendocrine Tumor Unit, Endocrinology and Metabolism Service, Department of Medicine and bHadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, cInstitute of Endocrinology and Felsenstein Research Center, Beilinson Hospital, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tiqva, and dSackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
                Author notes
                *Simona Grozinsky-Glasberg, MD, Neuroendocrine Tumor Unit, Endocrinology and Metabolism Service, Department of Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, POB 12000, Jerusalem 91120 (Israel), Tel. +972 2 677 6788, E-Mail simonag@hadassah.org.il
                Article
                Publisher ID: 338793 Other ID: Neuroendocrinology 2012;96:173–187
                DOI: 10.1159/000338793
                PubMed ID: 22538498
                SO-VID: 5f705d1c-548f-42a2-af60-8e4264bde77a
                Copyright © © 2012 S. Karger AG, Basel
                License:

                Copyright: All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Drug Dosage: The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any changes in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug. Disclaimer: The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publishers and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements or/and product references in the publication is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements.

                History
                Date received : 20 December 2010
                Date accepted : 09 April 2012
                Page count
                Tables: 1, Pages: 15
                Categories
                Subject: At the Cutting Edge

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Endocrinology & Diabetes,Neurology,Nutrition & Dietetics,Sexual medicine,Internal medicine,Pharmacology & Pharmaceutical medicine
                Keywords: Medullary thyroid cancer,Cell line,Pheochromocytomas,Neuroendocrine tumor,Carcinoid,Pancreas,Cell culture
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Endocrinology & Diabetes, Neurology, Nutrition & Dietetics, Sexual medicine, Internal medicine, Pharmacology & Pharmaceutical medicine
                Keywords: Medullary thyroid cancer, Cell line, Pheochromocytomas, Neuroendocrine tumor, Carcinoid, Pancreas, Cell culture

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