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      Tai chi for health benefits in patients with multiple sclerosis: A systematic review

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          Abstract

          The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the existing evidence on the effectiveness and safety of Tai chi, which is critical to provide guidelines for clinicians to improve symptomatic management in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). After performing electronic and manual searches of many sources, ten relevant peer-reviewed studies that met the inclusion criteria were retrieved. The existing evidence supports the effectiveness of Tai chi on improving quality of life (QOL) and functional balance in MS patients. A small number of these studies also reported the positive effect of Tai chi on flexibility, leg strength, gait, and pain. The effect of Tai chi on fatigue is inconsistent across studies. Although the findings demonstrate beneficial effects on improving outcome measures, especially for functional balance and QOL improvements, a conclusive claim should be made carefully for reasons such as methodological flaws, small sample size, lack of specific-disease instruments, unclear description of Tai chi protocol, unreported safety of Tai chi, and insufficient follow-up as documented by the existing literature. Future research should recruit a larger number of participants and utilize the experimental design with a long-term follow-up to ascertain the benefits of Tai chi for MS patients.

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          The nuts and bolts of PROSPERO: an international prospective register of systematic reviews

          Background Following publication of the PRISMA statement, the UK Centre for Reviews and Dissemination (CRD) at the University of York in England began to develop an international prospective register of systematic reviews with health-related outcomes. The objectives were to reduce unplanned duplication of reviews and provide transparency in the review process, with the aim of minimizing reporting bias. Methods An international advisory group was formed and a consultation undertaken to establish the key items necessary for inclusion in the register and to gather views on various aspects of functionality. This article describes the development of the register, now called PROSPERO, and the process of registration. Results PROSPERO offers free registration and free public access to a unique prospective register of systematic reviews across all areas of health from all around the world. The dedicated web-based interface is electronically searchable and available to all prospective registrants. At the moment, inclusion in PROSPERO is restricted to systematic reviews of the effects of interventions and strategies to prevent, diagnose, treat, and monitor health conditions, for which there is a health-related outcome. Ideally, registration should take place before the researchers have started formal screening against inclusion criteria but reviews are eligible as long as they have not progressed beyond the point of completing data extraction. The required dataset captures the key attributes of review design as well as the administrative details necessary for registration. Submitted registration forms are checked against the scope for inclusion in PROSPERO and for clarity of content before being made publicly available on the register, rejected, or returned to the applicant for clarification. The public records include an audit trail of major changes to planned methods, details of when the review has been completed, and links to resulting publications when provided by the authors. Conclusions There has been international support and an enthusiastic response to the principle of prospective registration of protocols for systematic reviews and to the development of PROSPERO. In October 2011, PROSPERO contained 200 records of systematic reviews being undertaken in 26 countries around the world on a diverse range of interventions.
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            The role of exercise and PGC1alpha in inflammation and chronic disease.

            Inadequate physical activity is linked to many chronic diseases. But the mechanisms that tie muscle activity to health are unclear. The transcriptional coactivator PGC1alpha has recently been shown to regulate several exercise-associated aspects of muscle function. We propose that this protein controls muscle plasticity, suppresses a broad inflammatory response and mediates the beneficial effects of exercise.
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              Effects of exercise and diet on chronic disease.

              Currently, modern chronic diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, Type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and cancer, are the leading killers in Westernized society and are increasing rampantly in developing nations. In fact, obesity, diabetes, and hypertension are now even commonplace in children. Clearly, however, there is a solution to this epidemic of metabolic disease that is inundating today's societies worldwide: exercise and diet. Overwhelming evidence from a variety of sources, including epidemiological, prospective cohort, and intervention studies, links most chronic diseases seen in the world today to physical inactivity and inappropriate diet consumption. The purpose of this review is to 1) discuss the effects of exercise and diet in the prevention of chronic disease, 2) highlight the effects of lifestyle modification for both mitigating disease progression and reversing existing disease, and 3) suggest potential mechanisms for beneficial effects.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: Editor
                Journal
                PLoS One
                PLoS ONE
                plos
                plosone
                PLoS ONE
                Public Library of Science (San Francisco, CA USA )
                1932-6203
                9 February 2017
                2017
                : 12
                : 2
                : e0170212
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Exercise Science, Physical Education, and Wellness, Tennessee Tech University, TN, United States of America
                [2 ]Department of Sport Science, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
                [3 ]Department of Foreign Language Teaching, Jishou University, Hunan, China
                [4 ]Department of Physical Education and Health Education, Springfield College, MA, United States of America
                [5 ]Department of Sport Management, Delaware State University, Dover, Delaware, United States of America
                [6 ]Department of Neurology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
                [7 ]Department of Exercise Science, Wuhan Sport University, Wuhan, China
                [8 ]Department of Knesiology, Sensorimotor Neurophysiology Lab, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States of America
                National Natural Science Foundation of China, CHINA
                Author notes

                Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

                • Conceptualization: LZ ZX HW.

                • Data curation: LZ ZX HW QF TL.

                • Formal analysis: LZ ZX HW QF TL YL.

                • Funding acquisition: HW.

                • Investigation: LZ ZX HW TL.

                • Methodology: LZ ZX HW.

                • Project administration: LZ ZX HW TL.

                • Resources: LZ ZX MZ HW TL YL.

                • Software: LZ ZX QF HW.

                • Supervision: LZ ZX HW GD TL YL.

                • Validation: TL YL.

                • Visualization: LZ ZX HW TL YL.

                • Writing – original draft: LZ ZX.

                • Writing – review & editing: LZ ZX QF YL TL.

                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6411-5710
                Article
                PONE-D-16-38895
                10.1371/journal.pone.0170212
                5300172
                28182629
                5fd04a23-e17b-4793-8212-ab378085f454
                © 2017 Zou et al

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

                History
                : 29 September 2016
                : 2 January 2017
                Page count
                Figures: 1, Tables: 4, Pages: 18
                Funding
                The author(s) received no specific funding for this work.
                Categories
                Research Article
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Clinical Medicine
                Clinical Immunology
                Autoimmune Diseases
                Multiple Sclerosis
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Immunology
                Clinical Immunology
                Autoimmune Diseases
                Multiple Sclerosis
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Immunology
                Clinical Immunology
                Autoimmune Diseases
                Multiple Sclerosis
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Neurology
                Demyelinating Disorders
                Multiple Sclerosis
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Neurology
                Neurodegenerative Diseases
                Multiple Sclerosis
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Geriatrics
                Balance and Falls
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Diagnostic Medicine
                Signs and Symptoms
                Fatigue
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
                Signs and Symptoms
                Fatigue
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Health Care
                Quality of Life
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Mental Health and Psychiatry
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Anatomy
                Musculoskeletal System
                Limbs (Anatomy)
                Legs
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Anatomy
                Musculoskeletal System
                Limbs (Anatomy)
                Legs
                Research and Analysis Methods
                Research Design
                Survey Research
                Questionnaires
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Anatomy
                Musculoskeletal System
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Anatomy
                Musculoskeletal System
                Custom metadata
                All relevant data are within the paper and its Supporting Information file.

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                Uncategorized

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