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      Complicaciones quirúrgicas del abordaje endoscópico endonasal transesfenoidal en macroadenomas hipofisarios no funcionantes: estudio de centro único Translated title: Surgical complications of the transsphenoidal endonasal endoscopic approach to pituitary macroadenomas: single center study

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          Abstract

          Resumen Antecedentes: Los abordajes quirúrgicos de la región selar han sido un reto para los neurocirujanos. Con la introducción de la técnica endoscópica se ha minimizado el trauma quirúrgico, pero esta técnica no se encuentra exenta de complicaciones. Objetivo: Describir nuestra experiencia institucional en pacientes sometidos a resección de macroadenomas hipofisarios por vía microquirúrgica endonasal transesfenoidal asistida por endoscopia con énfasis en las complicaciones resultantes. Método: Revisamos los expedientes electrónicos de 17 pacientes sometidos a dicho procedimiento de manera consecutiva entre 2017 y 2018, y recabamos variables como edad, sexo, clasificación imagenológica, tiempo de diagnóstico al momento de la cirugía, complicaciones posoperatorias y recurrencia. Resultados: La edad promedio de los pacientes fue de 45.23 años y el 70.59% eran mujeres. Radiológicamente predominó el grado 2 Knosp (47.05%). La complicación principal fue diabetes insípida transitoria (23.52%), seguida por la fístula de líquido cefalorraquídeo (11.76%). Conclusiones: El manejo microquirúrgico asistido por endoscopia ha demostrado ser un recurso valioso para tratar macroadenomas hipofisarios, pero presenta grados variables de complicaciones, por lo cual se requiere la adquisición de habilidades para el uso del endoscopio, la planeación preoperatoria adecuada y el manejo conjunto multidisciplinario con el fin de evitarlas.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Background: Surgical approaches to the sellar region have been a challenge for the neurosurgeon. With the introduction of the endoscopic technique, surgical trauma has been minimized, however it is not free of complications. Objective: To describe our institutional experience in patients undergoing resection of pituitary macroadenomas by endoscopic-assisted microsurgical approach, with emphasis on the resulting complications. Method: We reviewed the electronic files of 17 patients who underwent this procedure consecutively between 2017 and 2018, collecting variables such as age, sex, imaging classification, time of diagnosis at the time of surgery, postoperative complications and recurrence. Results: The average age of the patients was 45.23 years, with 70.59% women. Radiologically, grade 2 Knosp predominated (47.05%). The main complication was transient diabetes insipidus (23.52%) followed by cerebrospinal fluid fistula (11.76%). Conclusions: The endoscopic-assisted microsurgical approach has proven to be a valuable resource for treating pituitary macroadenomas, however it presents variable degrees of complications, which requires the acquisition of skills for the use of the endoscope, adequate preoperative planning, and multidisciplinary joint management in order to avoid them.

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          Surgical complications associated with the endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal approach for pituitary adenomas.

          To assess postoperative complications related to the surgical procedure, a retrospective analysis was conducted in a series of 146 consecutively treated patients who underwent an endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal approach to the sellar region for resection of pituitary adenomas between January 1997 and July 2001. Complications were divided into groups (nasofacial, sphenoid sinus, sella turcica, supra or parasellar, and endocrine complications) according to the anatomical structures and the systems involved. Overall, a decreased incidence of complications has been observed, compared with large historical series of the traditional microsurgical transsphenoidal approach, likely because of the overview inside the anatomy facilitated by the endoscope, and the decreased surgical trauma. Transsphenoidal surgery, either microscopic or endoscopic, is a safe procedure in experienced hands, but serious complications still occur and must be reduced as much as possible. Additional improvement can be expected with greater experience and new technical developments. A coordinated team effort with other dedicated colleagues from different specialties is advised.
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            Endoscopic pituitary surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

            Surgery on the pituitary gland is increasingly being performed through an endoscopic approach. However, there is little published data on its safety and relative advantages over traditional microscope-based approaches. Published reports are limited by small sample size and nonrandomized study design. A meta-analysis allows for a description of the impact of endoscopic surgery on short-term outcomes. The authors performed retrospective review of data from their institution as well as a systematic review of the literature. The pooled data were analyzed for descriptive statistics on short-term outcomes. Nine studies (821 patients) met inclusion criteria. Overall, the pooled rate of gross tumor removal was 78% (95% CI 67-89%). Hormone resolution was achieved in 81% (95% CI 71-91%) of adrenocorticotropic hormone secreting tumors, 84% (95% CI 76-92%) of growth hormone secreting tumors, and 82% (95% CI 70-94%) of prolactin secreting tumors. The pooled complication rates were 2% (95% CI 0-4%) for CSF leak and 1% (95% CI 0-2%) for permanent diabetes insipidus. There were 2 deaths reported in the literature that were both related to vascular injury, giving an overall mortality rate of 0.24%. The results of this meta-analysis support the safety and short-term efficacy of endoscopic pituitary surgery. Future studies with long-term follow-up are required to determine tumor control.
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              Surgical complications after endoscopic transsphenoidal pituitary surgery.

              Between January 2004 and June 2007 we conducted a retrospective analysis to assess post-operative complications related to endoscopic pituitary surgery in a series of 150 patients. Patients were treated with an endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal approach to the sellar region for removal of pathological sellar and suprasellar lesions. We analysed the complications in groups according to the anatomical structures of the approach and the functional systems of the pituitary gland (anterior and posterior endocrine systems), and compared them to a large historical series using the traditional microsurgical transsphenoidal approach. Overall, we observed a decreased incidence of complications with respect to the surgical trauma, the functionality of the pituitary gland and post-operative patient comfort. We believe that the reduction of the complication rate observed in this study was mainly due to the wide structural overview offered by the endoscope as well as the anatomically direct, and therefore minimally invasive, character of the procedure. Successful endoscopic pituitary surgery requires extensive training in the use of an endoscope and careful planning of the surgery. Furthermore, close cooperation between a multidisciplinary team consisting of endocrinologists, neurosurgeons, ear, nose and throat surgeons, radiologists, and radiation oncologists is of utmost importance.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                cicr
                Cirugía y cirujanos
                Cir. cir.
                Academia Mexicana de Cirugía A.C. (Ciudad de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico )
                0009-7411
                2444-054X
                August 2021
                : 89
                : 4
                : 484-489
                Affiliations
                [1] Toluca Estado de México orgnameInstituto de Salud del Estado de México orgdiv1Centro Médico "Lic. Adolfo López Mateos" orgdiv2Departamento de Neurocirugía México
                [2] Ciudad de México orgnameInstituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía "Manuel Velasco Suárez" México
                Article
                S2444-054X2021000400484 S2444-054X(21)08900400484
                10.24875/ciru.20000600
                6058c085-35de-4a85-b1bf-5beb7183ba87

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 06 November 2020
                : 05 June 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 16, Pages: 6
                Product

                SciELO Mexico

                Categories
                Artículos originales

                Complicaciones quirúrgicas,Adenoma hipofisario,Endoscopia,Surgical complications,Pituitary adenoma,Endoscopy

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