Analysis of distortions in children with and without phonological disorders

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Abstract

PURPOSE: To verify using 4 different tests the incidence of distortions inchildren with and without phonological disorders. METHOD: Forty children between 4 and 10.2 years of age, divided into 2 groups: 20 with normal development and 20 with phonological disorders. All children underwent the phonology tests of the Child Language Assessment ABFW and 2 spontaneous speaking tests to assess for phonologic alterations. After recording, the data were printed, analyzed, and classified according to the distortions. Nonparametric (Mann-Whitney) statistical analysis was performed with the significance level being set at P <.05. RESULTS: The phonological disorder group had significantly more occurrences of distortions in all tests compared to the control group (naming, P = .04; imitation P <.001; spontaneous speaking 1, P = .01; and spontaneous speaking 2, P = .002. The Pearson correlation coefficients of the distortion occurrences among the 4 tests were high. CONCLUSION: The phonological disorder group presented a greater number of distortions in all tests. The most frequent ones were /s, z, j/ and the variability found within the phonological disorder group was very high. The children in this group had unstable phonological systems and so presented a high number of different distortions. Regarding the evaluation of the phonologic system, all the tests were good evaluation methods since the correlations between them were high.

Translated abstract

OBJETIVO: Verificar a ocorrência de distorções em sujeitos com e sem transtornos fonológicos em 4 provas diferentes. MÉTODO: Quarenta crianças, distribuídas em 2 grupos: 20 com desenvolvimento típico e 20 com transtorno fonológico, entre 4 e 10.2 anos de idade. Todas foram submetidas às provas de Fonologia do Teste de Linguagem Infantil ABFW e a duas provas de fala espontânea para confirmar a presença ou ausência das alterações fonológicas. Após a gravação dos dados, estes foram transcritos, analisados e classificados de acordo com as distorções. RESULTADOS: Através do teste não-paramétrico Mann-Whitney nota-se que o Grupo Controle difere do Grupo com Transtornos Fonológicos em todas as provas, ao nível de significância de 5%, para a Nomeação (p= 0,04), para a Imitação (p< 0,001), para a Fala Espontânea 1 (p= 0,01) e para a Fala Espontânea 2 (p=0,002). O estudo da correlação de Pearson entre a ocorrência de distorções nas quatro provas é alto. CONCLUSÃO: O Grupo com Transtorno Fonológico apresentou o maior número de distorções em todas as provas. As distorções que mais ocorreram em ambos os grupos foram /s, z, j/. O Grupo com Transtornos Fonológicos apresentou grande variabilidade nas distorções, as crianças deste grupo possuem um sistema fonológico instável, dessa forma apresentam um número grande de diferentes distorções. Para a avaliação do sistema fonológico todas as provas foram boas formas de avaliação, uma vez que o índice de correlação entre elas foi alto.

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Four new speech and prosody-voice measures for genetics research and other studies in developmental phonological disorders.

Lawrence Shriberg (1993)

Research in developmental phonological disorders, particularly emerging subgroup studies using behavioral and molecular genetics, requires qualitative and continuous measurement systems that meet a variety of substantive and psychometric assumptions. This paper reviews relevant issues underlying such needs and presents four measurement proposals developed expressly for causal-correlates research. The primary qualitative system is the Speech Disorders Classification System (SDCS), a 10-category nosology for dichotomous and hierarchical polychotomous classification of speech disorders from 2 years of age through adulthood. The three quantitative measures for segmental and suprasegmental analyses are (a) the Articulation Competence Index (ACI), an interval-level severity index that adjusts a subject's Percentage of Consonants Correct (PCC) score for the relative percentage of distortion errors; (b) Speech Profiles, a series of graphic-numeric displays that profile a subject's or group's severity-adjusted consonant and vowel-diphthong mastery and error patterns; and (c) the Prosody-Voice Profile, a graphic-numeric display that profiles a subject's or group's status on six suprasegmental domains divided into 31 types of inappropriate prosody-voice codes. All data for the four measures are derived from one sample of conversational speech, which obviates the limitations of citation-form testing; enables speech assessment as a qualitative, semi-continuous, and continuous trait over the life span; and provides a context for univariate and multivariate statistical analyses of phonetic, phonologic, prosodic, and language variables in multiage, multidialectal, and multicultural populations. Rationale, procedures, validity data, and examples of uses for each measure are presented.