5
views
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
1 collections
    0
    shares
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      Increasing polio coverage with safer vaccines: a pressing need in Latin America

      research-article

      Read this article at

      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          Abstract Given the actual risk of poliomyelitis outbreaks in the region due to poliovirus derived from the Sabin vaccine or the importation of wild poliovirus, the Latin American Society of Pediatric Infectious Diseases commissioned an ad hoc group of experts from the institution's Vaccines and Biologicals Committee, to draft an official position paper on the urgent need to increase immunization levels against the disease in the region and incorporate inactivated polio vaccine exclusive schedules in all national immunization programs. This publication discusses the main conclusions and recommendations generated as a result of such activity.

          Translated abstract

          Resumen Ante el riesgo real de ocurrencia de brotes de parálisis fláccida aguda en la región debidos a poliovirus derivado de la vacuna Sabin o a la importación de poliovirus salvaje, la Sociedad Latinoamericana de Infectología Pediátrica comisionó a un grupo ad hoc de expertos integrantes del Comité de Vacunas y Biológicos de la institución, para redactar un documento oficial de posición sobre la necesidad imperiosa de incrementar los niveles de inmunización contra la enfermedad en la región e incorporar definitivamente en forma exclusiva la vacuna de polio inactivada en todos los esquemas nacionales de vacunación. La presente publicación discute las principales conclusiones y recomendaciones generadas como resultado de esta actividad.

          Related collections

          Most cited references33

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: not found

          Outbreak of poliomyelitis in Hispaniola associated with circulating type 1 vaccine-derived poliovirus.

          An outbreak of paralytic poliomyelitis occurred in the Dominican Republic (13 confirmed cases) and Haiti (8 confirmed cases, including 2 fatal cases) during 2000-2001. All but one of the patients were either unvaccinated or incompletely vaccinated children, and cases occurred in communities with very low (7 to 40%) rates of coverage with oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV). The outbreak was associated with the circulation of a derivative of the type 1 OPV strain, probably originating from a single OPV dose given in 1998-1999. The vaccine-derived poliovirus associated with the outbreak had biological properties indistinguishable from those of wild poliovirus.
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: not found

            Serologic response to inactivated poliovirus vaccine: a randomized clinical trial comparing 2 vaccination schedules in Puerto Rico.

            The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends the discontinuation of oral poliovirus vaccine after eradication of wild poliovirus. Studies assessing inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) immunogenicity in tropical countries, using the WHO Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI) schedule, have been limited. We conducted a randomized clinical trial in Ponce, Puerto Rico. Infants were assigned to 1 of 2 study arms: those in the EPI arm received IPV at 6, 10, and 14 weeks of age, and those in the US arm received IPV at 2, 4, and 6 months of age. Neutralizing antibody titers against poliovirus types 1, 2, and 3 were tested on serum specimens obtained before administration of the first dose of IPV and 28-45 days after administration of the last dose of IPV. Seroconversion rates for the EPI (n=225) and US (n=230) arms, respectively, were 85.8% and 99.6% for poliovirus type 1 (P<.001), 86.2% and 100% for poliovirus type 2 (P<.001), and 96.9% and 99.1% for poliovirus type 3 (P=.08). Seroconversion rates were lower among infants in the EPI arm who had high maternal antibody levels for all 3 poliovirus types (P<.001). The EPI schedule resulted in lower seroconversion rates for poliovirus types 1 and 2. These results are relevant for tropical countries planning to use IPV in a posteradication environment.
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: found
              Is Open Access

              Immunization Against Poliomyelitis and the Challenges to Worldwide Poliomyelitis Eradication

              Both inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) and oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) have contributed to the rapid disappearance of paralytic poliomyelitis from developed countries despite possessing different vaccine properties. Due to cost, ease of use, and other properties, the Expanded Programme on Immunization added OPV to the routine infant immunization schedule for low-income countries in 1974, but variable vaccine uptake and impaired immune responses due to poor sanitation limited the impact. Following launch of the Global Polio Eradication Initiative in 1988, poliomyelitis incidence has been reduced by >99% and types 2 and 3 wild polioviruses are now eradicated, but progress against type 1 polioviruses which are now confined to Afghanistan and Pakistan has slowed due to insecurity, poor access, and other problems. A strategic, globally coordinated replacement of trivalent OPV with bivalent 1, 3 OPV in 2016 reduced the incidence of vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis (VAPP) but allowed the escape of type 2 vaccine–derived polioviruses (VDPV2) in areas with low immunization rates and use of monovalent OPV2 in response seeded new VDPV2 outbreaks and reestablishment of type 2 endemicity. A novel, more genetically stable type 2 OPV vaccine is undergoing clinical evaluation and may soon be deployed prevent or reduce VDPV2 emergences.
                Bookmark

                Author and article information

                Journal
                rci
                Revista chilena de infectología
                Rev. chil. infectol.
                Sociedad Chilena de Infectología (Santiago, , Chile )
                0716-1018
                October 2022
                : 39
                : 5
                : 614-622
                Affiliations
                [3] San José orgnameHospital Nacional de Niños orgdiv1Infectious Diseases Service orgdiv2Dr. Carlos Sáenz Herrera Costa Rica
                [2] Caracas orgnameUniversidad Central de Venezuela orgdiv1Tropical Medicine Institute orgdiv2Infectious Diseases Section Venezuela
                [4] Santo Domingo orgnameCentro Médico UCE República Dominicana
                [6] orgnameAdvisor to the Honorable Chamber of Deputies Health Commission of Argentina orgdiv1President of Sociedad Latinoamericana de Infectología Pediátrica Argentina
                [1] São Paulo orgnameUniversidad Metropolitana de Santos orgdiv1School of Medicine Brasil
                [5] Buenos Aires orgnameHospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez Argentina
                Article
                S0716-10182022000500614 S0716-1018(22)03900500614
                6205e229-6e12-450e-aa72-80fe0c1a9f70

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : September 2022
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 39, Pages: 9
                Product

                SciELO Chile

                Categories
                DOCUMENTS

                VPO,América Latina,SLIPE,cobertura vacunal,riesgos,poliomyelitis,polio,IPV,OPV,Latin America,vaccine coverage,risks,VPI,poliomielitis

                Comments

                Comment on this article