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      Acurácia, utilidade e complicações da monitorização subcutânea contínua da glicose (CGMS) em pacientes pediátricos com diabetes tipo 1 Translated title: Accuracy, utility and complications of continuous glucose monitoring system (CGMS) in pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes

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          Abstract

          OBJETIVO: Avaliar a acurácia, utilidade e complicações da monitorização subcutânea contínua da glicemia em crianças e adolescentes com diabetes melito tipo 1 (DM1). MÉTODOS: Foram estudados retrospectivamente 16 pacientes (16,12±4,41 anos), submetidos à monitorização subcutânea contínua da glicemia (Medtronic; Northridge, CA, EUA) por 72 horas. Foram analisados os valores de glicemia capilar média e pelo sensor monitorização subcutânea contínua da glicemia; excursões glicêmicas (monitorização subcutânea contínua da glicemia versus. glicemia capilar); hiperglicemia pós-prandial (< 140 mg/dl); hipoglicemia noturna assintomática; complicações (trauma, infecção local, desconexão) e conduta terapêutica após a monitorização subcutânea contínua da glicemia. Os níveis de A1c foram determinados antes e 3 meses após a monitorização subcutânea contínua da glicemia. RESULTADOS: A glicemia capilar média durante a monitorização subcutânea contínua da glicemia foi de 214,3±66,5 mg/dl vs. 207,6±54,6 detectada pelo sensor, com correlação significante (p = 0,001). O coeficiente de correlação e erro médio absoluto foram de 0,86±0,21 e mediana de 12,6%, respectivamente. A monitorização subcutânea contínua da glicemia mostrou-se mais eficaz na detecção de excursões glicêmicas (p = 0,04; W = 74) em relação à glicemia capilar em ponta de dedo. A hiperglicemia pós-prandial foi identificada em 60% dos pacientes com DM1, com mediana de 157 mg/dl (< 140 mg/dl). A hipoglicemia noturna assintomática foi detectada em 46,7% dos casos. A avaliação dos níveis de A1c em oito (50%) pacientes, antes e após 3 meses da monitorização subcutânea contínua da glicemia, mostrou redução significante da A1c (8,18±1,5 vs. 7,28±1,3; p = 0,034) nesse grupo de pacientes. A mudança de conduta terapêutica foi instituída em 100% das crianças e adolescentes. Não houve complicações durante o exame em 93,7% dos casos. CONCLUSÕES: A monitorização subcutânea contínua da glicemia mostrou-se método seguro, bem tolerado, com alta acurácia nos valores glicêmicos detectados, com baixo índice de complicações. Esse método mostrou-se eficaz na detecção de excursões glicêmicas, hiperglicemia pós-prandial, na promoção de mudanças terapêuticas com redução importante da A1c em crianças e adolescentes diabéticos. A eficácia desse método na identificação da hipoglicemia assintomática ainda mostra-se indefinida na literatura.

          Translated abstract

          OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the accuracy, utility and complications of continuous glucose monitoring system in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes. METHODS: This retrospective study assessed 16 type 1 diabetic patients (16.12±4.41 years) submitted to continuous glucose monitoring system (Medtronic; Northridge, CA) for 72 hours. The following parameters were analyzed: mean capillary glucose level and mean glucose value measured by the continuous glucose monitoring system; glucose excursions (continuous glucose monitoring system vs. capillary glucose measurement), postprandial hyperglycemia (NR < 140 mg/dl), nocturnal hypoglycemia, complications (trauma, local infection, disconnection) and therapeutic management after continuous glucose monitoring. A1c levels were measured at the beginning and after 3 months of the study. RESULTS: The mean capillary glucose values were 214.3±66.5 mg/dl vs. 207.6±54.6 mg/dl by continuous glucose monitoring system, with a significant correlation (p = 0.001). The correlation coefficient and mean absolute error were 0.86±0.21 and 12.6% of the median, respectively. The continuous glucose monitoring system was significantly more efficient in detecting glucose excursion than fingerstick capillary blood sampling (p = 0.04; W = 74), and postprandial hyperglycemia was identified in 60% of type 1 diabetic patients with a median value of 157 mg/dl (< 140 mg/dl). Nocturnal hypoglycemia was detected in 46.7% of these patients. The evaluation of A1c levels in eight (50%) patients before continuous glucose monitoring and after 3 months showed a significantly lower level of A1c in this population (8.18±1.5 vs. 7.28±1.3; p = 0.034). The therapeutic management of type 1 diabetes was changed in 100% of patients. No complications were detected in 93.7% of patients. CONCLUSIONS: The continuous glucose monitoring system showed to be a very safe, well-tolerated and highly accurate method, with a low complication rate. It is a good method to identify glucose excursion and postprandial hyperglycemia, and to improve metabolic changes in therapeutic strategies, with a significant impact on the A1c levels of pediatric diabetic patients. The efficacy of the continuous glucose monitoring system in detecting hypoglycemia is still unclear in the medical literature.

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          The Effect of Intensive Treatment of Diabetes on the Development and Progression of Long-Term Complications in Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus

          Long-term microvascular and neurologic complications cause major morbidity and mortality in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). We examined whether intensive treatment with the goal of maintaining blood glucose concentrations close to the normal range could decrease the frequency and severity of these complications. A total of 1441 patients with IDDM--726 with no retinopathy at base line (the primary-prevention cohort) and 715 with mild retinopathy (the secondary-intervention cohort) were randomly assigned to intensive therapy administered either with an external insulin pump or by three or more daily insulin injections and guided by frequent blood glucose monitoring or to conventional therapy with one or two daily insulin injections. The patients were followed for a mean of 6.5 years, and the appearance and progression of retinopathy and other complications were assessed regularly. In the primary-prevention cohort, intensive therapy reduced the adjusted mean risk for the development of retinopathy by 76 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 62 to 85 percent), as compared with conventional therapy. In the secondary-intervention cohort, intensive therapy slowed the progression of retinopathy by 54 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 39 to 66 percent) and reduced the development of proliferative or severe nonproliferative retinopathy by 47 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 14 to 67 percent). In the two cohorts combined, intensive therapy reduced the occurrence of microalbuminuria (urinary albumin excretion of > or = 40 mg per 24 hours) by 39 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 21 to 52 percent), that of albuminuria (urinary albumin excretion of > or = 300 mg per 24 hours) by 54 percent (95 percent confidence interval 19 to 74 percent), and that of clinical neuropathy by 60 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 38 to 74 percent). The chief adverse event associated with intensive therapy was a two-to-threefold increase in severe hypoglycemia. Intensive therapy effectively delays the onset and slows the progression of diabetic retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy in patients with IDDM.
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            Diabetes Care

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              Role of continuous glucose monitoring in pediatric patients

              FR Kaufman (2000)
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                jped
                Jornal de Pediatria
                J. Pediatr. (Rio J.)
                Sociedade Brasileira de Pediatria (Porto Alegre )
                1678-4782
                August 2005
                : 81
                : 4
                : 293-297
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Faculdade de Ciências Médicas de Minas Gerais Brazil
                [2 ] Faculdade de Ciências Médicas de Minas Gerais Brazil
                Article
                S0021-75572005000500006
                10.1590/S0021-75572005000500006
                635e4cb1-1ace-4e7b-a010-2ed5d52dc4c7

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0021-7557&lng=en
                Categories
                PEDIATRICS

                Pediatrics
                Continuous glucose monitoring system,type 1 diabetes,hypoglycemia,hyperglycemia,Monitorização subcutânea contínua da glicemia,diabetes tipo 1,hipoglicemia,hiperglicemia

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