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      Comparaison entre le nombre et la nature des clostridium fécaux et d'autres facteurs de risque impliqués dans la pathologie intestinale des nouveau-nés

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          Résumé

          Cent quinze nouveau-nés, âgés de 31 jours au plus et hospitalisés dans deux unités de soins intensifs, ont été groupés en 6 classes d'après le diagnostic clinique (entérocolite avec ou sans examen anatomopathologique et avec ou sans pneumatose radiologique, ≪ colites hémorragiques ≫, diarrhée aiguë, absence de troubles digestifs). Le nombre total de bactéries cultivables et le nombre de Clostridium ont été déterminés dans leurs selles. Dans certaines selles, on a également recherché la présence de rota- et/ou de coronavirus. Les effectifs de nouveau-nés souffrant d'entérocolites, avec ou sans pneumatose, ou de colites hémorragiques dont les selles contiennent des Clostridium ne sont pas significativement différents de ceux des nouveau-nés sans trouble digestif, alors que les selles de nouveau-nés atteints de diarrhée aiguë contiennent moins fréquemment des Clostridium que celles des autres nouveaunés. Les Clostridium identifiés appartiennent aux espèces C. butyricum, C. perfringens, C. difficile, C. tertium et C. sordellii. L'analyse des correspondances comparant la variable classe de diagnostic à 23 autres variables suggère que les variables suivantes: gémellité, poids de naissance < 1900 g, âge gestationnel < 35 semaines, détresse respiratoire, pose d'un cathéter ombilical et nombre de Clostridium > 10 7/g de selle à l'apparition des signes cliniques, soit entre le 8 e et le 12 e jour de vie, sont liées au diagnostic d'entérocolite avec pneumatose. A l'opposé, l'absence de gémellité, un poids de naissance et un âge gestationnel élevés, l'absence de troubles respiratoires, de cathétérisme ombilical et de Clostridium fécaux, l'apparition des premiers signes cliniques à un âge inférieur à 8 jours, mais la présence de rota- et/ou de coronavirus dans les selles, sont liés au diagnostic de diarrhée aiguë.

          Summary

          One-hundred and fifteen infants aged 1 to 31 days from two intensivecare units were grouped into 6 classes according to clinical criteria (enterocolitis with or without anatomopathological examination and pneumatosis intestinalis, ≪haemorrhagic colitis ≫, acute diarrhoea or absence of intestinal disorders). The total number of viable bacteria, the number of Clostridium and, in some cases, the presence of rota- and/or coronavirus were determined in their stools. The incidence of Clostridium in the stools of infants with enterocolitis (with or without pneumatosis intestinalis) or haemorrhagic colitis was not significantly different from that of infants without intestinal disorders, whereas stools of infants with acute diarrhoea less often contained Clostridium than those of other infants.

          C. butyricum, C. difficile, C. perfringens, C. tertium, and C. sordellii were identified. Correspondence analysis comparing the variable, ≪clinical profile≫, with 23 other variables, suggested that the variables of gemellity, a birth-weight below 1900 g, a gestational age of less than 35 weeks, respiratory distress, umbilical catheterization and a Clostridium count above 10 7/g at the onset of clinical signs, i.e. between 8 to 12 days of age, were linked to the clinical profile of necrotizing enterocolitis with pneumatosis intestinalis. Conversely, the absence of gemellity, a high birthweight and gestational age, the absence of respiratory distress or umbilical catheterization, the onset of diarrhoea within 8 days, and the presence of rota- and/or coronavirus in the stools were linked with a clinical profile of acute diarrhoea.

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          Most cited references23

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          Association of coronavirus infection with neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis.

          From the clustered occurrence of numerous cases of necrotizing enterocolitis in newborns, it was possible to associate this disease significantly with infection due to coronavirus-like agents. Prematurity or low birth weight did not seem to affect the development of the disease, at least during the present epidemic. However, associated gas-producing bacteria could influence its severity and play a role in the appearance of pneumatosis. In many aspects the human disease is reminiscent of experimental necrotizing enterocolitis obtained by infection of germ-free newborn animals, as reported in the literature.
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            An outbreak of rotavirus-associated neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis *

            An outbreak of necrotizing enterocolitis and hemorrhagic gastroenteritis occurred in two nurseries during 25 days in August 1982. Eleven of the 40 patients in these nurseries during that time developed disease (attack rate 27.5%). In seven of the 10 patients with gastrointestinal disease, stool samples tested for human rotavirus were positive by ELISA, whereas in 20 unaffected infants, no stools tested demonstrated HRV (P=0.0001). Eleven staff members had serologic evidence of recent HRV infection. Comparison of risk factors traditionally associated with the development of NEC between the affected and unaffected infants revealed no significant differences. Rotavirus infection was the only finding that was highly correlated with this epidemic.
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              Epidemiologic and bacteriologic evaluation of neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis.

              The incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in our neonatal unit has varied from 4.7% to zero to 4.4% during three time periods. Simultaneously, significant changes have occurred in the spectrum of bacterial species in the gastrointestinal tract of unaffected infants in the same unit. During the first period of increased attack rate, 82% of gastric and 88% of fecal Enterobacteriaceae were E. coli and K. pneumoniae. When the attack rate decreased the frequencies were 11% (gastric) and 47% (fecal), and P. mirabilis was retrieved with increased frequency. The return of E. coli and K. pneumoniae as the dominant organisms was associated with an increase in NEC. Infants with NEC, compared with controls, had a statistically significant increased frequency of retrieval of E. coli and K. pneumoniae from gastric and fecal samplings. The data suggest an active role for certain enteric bacteria in the pathogenesis of NEC.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Ann Inst Pasteur Microbiol
                Ann. Inst. Pasteur Microbiol
                Annales De L'Institut Pasteur. Microbiology
                Published by Elsevier Masson SAS
                0769-2609
                1878-2094
                26 August 2007
                8 July 1986
                26 August 2007
                : 137
                : 1
                : 61-75
                Affiliations
                [(1) ]Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne et Laboratoire de Biométrie, INRA-CNRZ 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
                [(2) ]Service des Anaérobies de l'Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
                [(3) ]Service de Pédiatrie de l'Hôpital Saint-Vincent-de-Paul, 75674 Paris Cedex 14, France
                [(4) ]Service de Pédiatrie de l'Hôpital Antoine-Béclère, 92140 Clamart, France
                [(5) ]Service de Microbiologie médicale, Institut Gustave-Roussy, Les Hautes Bruyères, 94805 Villejuif, France
                Article
                S0769-2609(86)80094-1
                10.1016/S0769-2609(86)80094-1
                7135409
                64002693-a1e0-4d8b-afe0-3fa77019cc7f
                Copyright © 1986 Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.

                Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.

                History
                : 17 January 1986
                : 11 June 1986
                Categories
                Article

                diarrhoea,clostridium,newborn,necrotizing enterocolitis,haemorrhagic colitis,correspondence analysis,nouveau-né,diarrhée,analyse des correspondances,entérite ulcéronécrosante,colite hémorragique

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