Psychological impact of COVID‐19 on hospital workers in nursing care hospitals

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Abstract

Aim

This study aimed to explore coronavirus disease‐related psychological stress in hospital workers in nursing care hospitals during the coronavirus disease epidemic.

Design

Cross‐sectional observational study.

Methods

A questionnaire survey was administered to hospital workers at three nursing care hospitals.

Results

Fifty‐four workers at three nursing care hospitals (9, 29 and 16 works) responded to our survey. Twenty‐four workers (50%) scored ≥5 on the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale, indicating the presence of anxiety. For the Patient Health Questionnaire‐9, six employees (11.1%) scored ≥10 scores, indicating the presence of depression. Workers who lived with other people with chronic underlying diseases showed significantly higher incidence of the presence of anxiety and depression. In binary logistic regression analysis, when living with persons with chronic underlying diseases, the risk of the presence of depression increased. Also, there was a higher incidence of depression in occupational therapists compared with physical therapists and nurses.

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Most cited references 34

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Characteristics of and Important Lessons From the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Outbreak in China: Summary of a Report of 72 314 Cases From the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention

Zunyou Wu, Jennifer M. McGoogan (2020)

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Early Transmission Dynamics in Wuhan, China, of Novel Coronavirus–Infected Pneumonia

Qun Li, Xuhua Guan, Peng Wu … (2020)

Abstract Background The initial cases of novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV)–infected pneumonia (NCIP) occurred in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, in December 2019 and January 2020. We analyzed data on the first 425 confirmed cases in Wuhan to determine the epidemiologic characteristics of NCIP. Methods We collected information on demographic characteristics, exposure history, and illness timelines of laboratory-confirmed cases of NCIP that had been reported by January 22, 2020. We described characteristics of the cases and estimated the key epidemiologic time-delay distributions. In the early period of exponential growth, we estimated the epidemic doubling time and the basic reproductive number. Results Among the first 425 patients with confirmed NCIP, the median age was 59 years and 56% were male. The majority of cases (55%) with onset before January 1, 2020, were linked to the Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market, as compared with 8.6% of the subsequent cases. The mean incubation period was 5.2 days (95% confidence interval [CI], 4.1 to 7.0), with the 95th percentile of the distribution at 12.5 days. In its early stages, the epidemic doubled in size every 7.4 days. With a mean serial interval of 7.5 days (95% CI, 5.3 to 19), the basic reproductive number was estimated to be 2.2 (95% CI, 1.4 to 3.9). Conclusions On the basis of this information, there is evidence that human-to-human transmission has occurred among close contacts since the middle of December 2019. Considerable efforts to reduce transmission will be required to control outbreaks if similar dynamics apply elsewhere. Measures to prevent or reduce transmission should be implemented in populations at risk. (Funded by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China and others.)

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A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder: the GAD-7.

Robert L Spitzer, Kurt Kroenke, Janet B W Williams … (2006)

Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is one of the most common mental disorders; however, there is no brief clinical measure for assessing GAD. The objective of this study was to develop a brief self-report scale to identify probable cases of GAD and evaluate its reliability and validity. A criterion-standard study was performed in 15 primary care clinics in the United States from November 2004 through June 2005. Of a total of 2740 adult patients completing a study questionnaire, 965 patients had a telephone interview with a mental health professional within 1 week. For criterion and construct validity, GAD self-report scale diagnoses were compared with independent diagnoses made by mental health professionals; functional status measures; disability days; and health care use. A 7-item anxiety scale (GAD-7) had good reliability, as well as criterion, construct, factorial, and procedural validity. A cut point was identified that optimized sensitivity (89%) and specificity (82%). Increasing scores on the scale were strongly associated with multiple domains of functional impairment (all 6 Medical Outcomes Study Short-Form General Health Survey scales and disability days). Although GAD and depression symptoms frequently co-occurred, factor analysis confirmed them as distinct dimensions. Moreover, GAD and depression symptoms had differing but independent effects on functional impairment and disability. There was good agreement between self-report and interviewer-administered versions of the scale. The GAD-7 is a valid and efficient tool for screening for GAD and assessing its severity in clinical practice and research.

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Author and article information

Contributors

Min Cheol Chang:

ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7629-7213

wheel633@gmail.com

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Nurs Open

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Nurs Open

Journal ID (doi): 10.1002/(ISSN)2054-1058

Journal ID (publisher-id): NOP2

Title: Nursing Open

Publisher: John Wiley and Sons Inc. (Hoboken )

ISSN (Electronic): 2054-1058

Publication date (Electronic): 20 September 2020

Electronic Location Identifier: 10.1002/nop2.628

Affiliations

[ ¹ ] Department of Rehabilitation Medicine Ewha Woman's University Seoul Hospital School of Medicine Ewha Woman's University Seoul Korea

[ ² ] Department of Medical Statistics College of Medicine Catholic University of Daegu Daegu Korea

[ ³ ] Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation College of Medicine Yeungnam University Taegu Korea

Author notes

[*] [* ] Correspondence

Min Cheol Chang, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University 317‐1, Daemyungdong, Namku, Taegu 705‐717, Korea.

Email: wheel633@ 123456gmail.com

Author information

Min Cheol Chang https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7629-7213

Article

Publisher ID: NOP2628

DOI: 10.1002/nop2.628

PMC ID: 7537242

PubMed ID: 33042562

SO-VID: 640daf3c-088a-4e58-b98f-715ef16af3bd

License:

This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

History

Date received : 23 June 2020

Date revision received : 05 August 2020

Date accepted : 28 August 2020

Page count

Figures: 0, Tables: 3, Pages: 6, Words: 12825

Custom metadata

source-schema-version-number 2.0

edited-state corrected-proof

details-of-publishers-convertor Converter:WILEY_ML3GV2_TO_JATSPMC version:5.9.2 mode:remove_FC converted:06.10.2020

Keywords: anxiety,coronavirus,covid‐19,depression,mental health,physical therapists

Data availability:

Keywords: anxiety, coronavirus, covid‐19, depression, mental health, physical therapists