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      Opportunities to apply systems engineering to healthcare interprofessional education

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          Abstract

          In medical settings, interprofessional education (IPE) plays an important role by bringing students from multiple disciplines together to learn how to collaborate effectively and coordinate safe patient care. Yet developing effective IPE is complex, considering that stakeholders from different schools and programs are involved, each with varying curriculum requirements and interests. Given its critical importance and inherent complexity, innovative approaches to address these challenges are needed to effectively develop and sustain effective IPE programs. Systems engineering (SE) combines a lifecycle perspective with established interdisciplinary processes to develop and sustain large complex systems. The need for SE approaches to manage healthcare complexity has been recognized, but the application of SE to IPE programs has been limited. We believe that there is a significant opportunity for IPE programs to benefit from the application of SE. The common themes running through SE and IPE led us to ask if SE can be used to address IPE complexity and achieve desired IPE outcomes. We believe that SE could facilitate further development and sustainability of a recently developed healthcare curriculum. We also propose to use SE to accelerate and manage future IPE curriculum development, while better understanding the states of vital IPE-related components. We discuss a framework that considers transitions of key IPE elements. We believe that use of interdisciplinary SE processes and holistic perspectives and methods such as system thinking will improve the management of system challenges while addressing IPE’s inherent complexity and leading to better patient outcomes and more effective interprofessional collaboration.

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          Most cited references30

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          Outcomes for Implementation Research: Conceptual Distinctions, Measurement Challenges, and Research Agenda

          An unresolved issue in the field of implementation research is how to conceptualize and evaluate successful implementation. This paper advances the concept of “implementation outcomes” distinct from service system and clinical treatment outcomes. This paper proposes a heuristic, working “taxonomy” of eight conceptually distinct implementation outcomes—acceptability, adoption, appropriateness, feasibility, fidelity, implementation cost, penetration, and sustainability—along with their nominal definitions. We propose a two-pronged agenda for research on implementation outcomes. Conceptualizing and measuring implementation outcomes will advance understanding of implementation processes, enhance efficiency in implementation research, and pave the way for studies of the comparative effectiveness of implementation strategies.
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            From triple to quadruple aim: care of the patient requires care of the provider.

            The Triple Aim-enhancing patient experience, improving population health, and reducing costs-is widely accepted as a compass to optimize health system performance. Yet physicians and other members of the health care workforce report widespread burnout and dissatisfaction. Burnout is associated with lower patient satisfaction, reduced health outcomes, and it may increase costs. Burnout thus imperils the Triple Aim. This article recommends that the Triple Aim be expanded to a Quadruple Aim, adding the goal of improving the work life of health care providers, including clinicians and staff.
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              The triple aim: care, health, and cost.

              Improving the U.S. health care system requires simultaneous pursuit of three aims: improving the experience of care, improving the health of populations, and reducing per capita costs of health care. Preconditions for this include the enrollment of an identified population, a commitment to universality for its members, and the existence of an organization (an "integrator") that accepts responsibility for all three aims for that population. The integrator's role includes at least five components: partnership with individuals and families, redesign of primary care, population health management, financial management, and macro system integration.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                Front Med (Lausanne)
                Front Med (Lausanne)
                Front. Med.
                Frontiers in Medicine
                Frontiers Media S.A.
                2296-858X
                22 September 2023
                2023
                : 10
                : 1241041
                Affiliations
                [1] 1Department of Industrial, Manufacturing and Systems Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Texas at Arlington , Arlington, TX, United States
                [2] 2Office for Quality, Safety and Outcomes Education, University of Texas at Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas, TX, United States
                [3] 3Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Management, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas, TX, United States
                Author notes

                Edited by: Jill Thistlethwaite, University of Technology Sydney, Australia

                Reviewed by: John Gilbert, University of British Columbia, Canada

                *Correspondence: Susan Ferreira, ferreira@ 123456uta.edu
                Article
                10.3389/fmed.2023.1241041
                10557427
                37809327
                641f3176-d98d-4963-82d2-182ffbcb7cb3
                Copyright © 2023 Ferreira, Phelps, Abolmaali, Reed and Greilich.

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

                History
                : 15 June 2023
                : 25 August 2023
                Page count
                Figures: 2, Tables: 2, Equations: 0, References: 35, Pages: 8, Words: 5356
                Funding
                Funded by: Team FIRST
                Funded by: University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, doi 10.13039/100007914;
                Categories
                Medicine
                Perspective
                Custom metadata
                Healthcare Professions Education

                interprofessional education,systems engineering,healthcare,state model,framework

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