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      Telocytes in trachea and lungs

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          Abstract

          We show the existence of a novel type of interstitial cell—telocytes (TC) in mouse trachea and lungs. We used cell cultures, vital stainings, as well as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Phase contrast microscopy on cultured cells showed cells with unequivocally characteristic morphology of typical TC (cells with telopodes—Tp). SEM revealed typical TC with two to three Tp—very long and branched cell prolongations. Tp consist of an alternation of thin segments (podomers) and thick segments (podoms). The latter accommodate mitochondria (as shown by Janus Green and MitoTracker), rough endoplasmic reticulum and caveolae. TEM showed characteristic podomers and podoms as well as close relationships with nerve endings and blood capillaries. IHC revealed positive expression of TC for c-kit, vimentin and CD34. In conclusion, this study shows the presence in trachea and lungs of a peculiar type of cells, which fulfils the criteria for TC.

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          Cardiomyocyte precursors and telocytes in epicardial stem cell niche: electron microscope images

          Mihaela Gherghiceanu, L Popescu (2010)
          Abstract A highly heterogeneous population of stem and progenitor cells has been described by light immunohistochemistry in the mammalian adult heart, but the ultrastructural identity of cardiac stem cells remains unknown. Using electron microscopy, we demonstrate the presence of cells with stem features in the adult mouse heart. These putative cardiac stem cells are small (6–10 μm), round cells, with an irregular shaped nucleus, large nucleolus, few endoplasmic reticulum cisternae and mitochondria, but numerous ribosomes. Stem cells located in the epicardial stem cell niche undergo mitosis and apoptosis. Cells with intermediate features between stem cells and cardiomyocyte progenitors have also been seen. Moreover, electron microscopy showed that cardiomyocyte progenitors were added to the peripheral working cardiomyocytes. Telocytes make a supportive interstitial network for stem cells and progenitors in the stem cell niche. This study enhances the hypothesis of a unique type of cardiac stem cell and progenitors in different stages of differentiation. In our opinion, stem cells, cardiomyocyte progenitors and telocytes sustain a continuous cardiac renewal process in the adult mammalian heart.
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            Telocytes in human term placenta: morphology and phenotype.

            Laura Suciu, Teodor Regalia, M Hinescu … (2009)
            In the last few years, a new cell type - interstitial Cajal-like cell (ICLC) - has been described in digestive and extra-digestive organs. The name has recently been changed to telocytes (TC) and their typical thin, long processes have been named telopodes (TP). To support the hypothesis that TC may also be present in human placenta and add to the information already available, we provide evidence on the ultrastructure, immunophenotype, distribution, and interactions with the surrounding stromal cells of TC in the villous core of human term placenta. We used phase-contrast microscopy, light microscopy of semithin sections, transmission electron microscopy, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence of tissue sections or cell cultures, following a pre-established diagnostic algorithm. Transmission electron microscopy showed cells resembling TC, most (∼76%) having 2-3 very thin, longprocesses (tens to hundreds of micrometers), with an uneven calibre(≤0.5 μm thick) and typical branching pattern. The dilations of processes accommodate caveolae, endoplasmic reticulum cisternae, and mitochondria. These TC have close contacts with perivascular SMC in stem villi. In situ, similar cells are positive for c-kit, CD34, vimentin, caveolin-1, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and inducible nitric oxide synathase (iNOS). The c-kit-positive cells inconsistently co-express CD34, CD44, αSMA, S100, neuron-specific enolase, and nestin. Among cells with a morphologic TC profile in cell cultures, about 13% co-express c-kit, vimentin, and caveolin-1; 70% of the c-kit-positive cells co-express CD34 and 12% co-express iNOS or VEGF. In conclusion, this study confirms the presence of TC in human term placenta and provides their ultrastructural and immunophenotypic characterization. Copyright © 2010 S. Karger AG, Basel.
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              Telocytes in human epicardium

              L Popescu, C Manole, M Gherghiceanu … (2010)
              Abstract The existence of the epicardial telocytes was previously documented by immunohistochemistry (IHC) or immunofluorescence. We have also demonstrated recently that telocytes are present in mice epicardium, within the cardiac stem-cell niches, and, possibly, they are acting as nurse cells for the cardiomyocyte progenitors. The rationale of this study was to show that telocytes do exist in human (sub)epicardium, too. Human autopsy hearts from 10 adults and 15 foetuses were used for conventional IHC for c-kit/CD117, CD34, vimentin, S-100, τ, Neurokinin 1, as well as using laser confocal microscopy. Tissue samples obtained by surgical biopsies from 10 adults were studied by digital transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Double immunolabelling for c-kit/CD34 and, for c-kit/vimentin suggests that in human beings, epicardial telocytes share similar immunophenotype features with myocardial telocytes. The presence of the telocytes in human epicardium is shown by TEM. Epicardial telocytes, like any of the telocytes are defined by telopodes, their cell prolongations, which are very long (several tens of μm), very thin (0.1–0.2 μm, below the resolving power of light microscopy) and with moniliform configuration. The interconnected epicardial telocytes create a 3D cellular network, connected with the 3D network of myocardial telocytes. TEM documented that telocytes release shed microvesicles or exocytotic multivesicular bodies in the intercellular space. The human epicardial telocytes have similar phenotype (TEM and IHC) with telocytes located among human working cardiomyocyte. It remains to be established the role(s) of telocytes in cardiac renewing/repair/regeneration processes, and also the pathological aspects induced by their ‘functional inhibition’, or by their variation in number. We consider telocytes as a real candidate for future developments of autologous cell-based therapy in heart diseases.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Cell Mol Med
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): J. Cell. Mol. Med
                Journal ID (publisher-id): jcmm
                Title: Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine
                Publisher: Blackwell Publishing Ltd (Oxford, UK )
                ISSN (Print): 1582-1838
                ISSN (Electronic): 1582-4934
                Publication date (Print): October 2011
                Publication date (Electronic): 26 September 2011
                Volume: 15
                Issue: 10
                Pages: 2262-2268
                Affiliations
                [a ]Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Biomedical Research Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University Shanghai, China
                [b ]Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University Shanghai, China
                [c ]Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy Bucharest, Romania
                [d ]Department of Cellular Medicine, ‘Victor Babes.’ National Institute of Pathology Bucharest, Romania
                Author notes
                *Correspondence to: Xiangdong WANG, MD, PhD, Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Biomedical Research Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. Tel.: +86 21 64041990×5420 Fax: +86 21 54961729 E-mail: xiangdong.wang@ 123456telia.com
                [#]

                Both authors contributed equally to this work.

                Article
                DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2011.01404.x
                PMC ID: 4394233
                PubMed ID: 21810171
                SO-VID: 64d9dc6b-5c60-4852-956c-4eea1846b02f
                Copyright © © 2011 The Authors Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine © 2011 Foundation for Cellular and Molecular Medicine/Blackwell Publishing Ltd
                History
                Date received : 27 April 2011
                Date accepted : 28 July 2011
                Categories
                Subject: Short Communication

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Molecular medicine
                Keywords: telocytes,telopodes,interstitial cells,stromal cells,lungs,trachea,c-kit,cd34,vimentin
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Molecular medicine
                Keywords: telocytes, telopodes, interstitial cells, stromal cells, lungs, trachea, c-kit, cd34, vimentin

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