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      Hepatic neuroendocrine neoplasm: imaging patterns Translated title: Neoplasia neuroendócrina hepática: padrões de imagem

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          Abstract

          Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) are a heterogeneous group of tumors with distinct morphological and biological manifestations, the liver being the main organ affected by its metastases. However, primary hepatic involvement is quite rare. Hepatic NENs can have a variety of radiological presentation forms and can therefore mimic other lesions, making their diagnosis challenging. Nonetheless, certain imaging aspects allow NENs to be included among the main differential diagnoses of hepatic lesions and can guide the search for an extrahepatic primary site when the probable diagnosis is metastases.

          Translated abstract

          As neoplasias neuroendócrinas (NNEs) são um grupo heterogêneo de tumores com manifestações morfológicas e biológicas distintas, sendo o fígado o principal órgão acometido por suas metástases. Por outro lado, o acometimento primário deste órgão é muito raro. Podem-se observar as mais diversas formas de apresentação radiológica das NNEs hepáticas primária e secundária e, em razão dessa variedade e por mimetizar outras lesões, o seu diagnóstico pode se revelar um desafio. No entanto, alguns desses aspectos permitem incluir as NNEs entre os principais diagnósticos diferenciais de lesões hepáticas e, nos casos de metástases, orientar na busca de um eventual sítio primário extra-hepático.

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          Detection of liver metastases from endocrine tumors: a prospective comparison of somatostatin receptor scintigraphy, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging.

          To compare the respective sensitivity of somatostatin receptor scintigraphy (SRS), computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the detection of liver metastases from well-differentiated gastroenteropancreatic endocrine tumor (WDGEP ET) patients. To define predictive factors for "high-sensitivity SRS." Sixty-four patients with WDGEP ET underwent SRS with abdominal single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), spiral CT, and 1.5-T MRI within a 15-day interval, the order of which was randomized. Two readers analyzed images of each modality, blindly and independently. Hepatic metastases were present in 40 of the 64 patients and confirmed by pathology after liver biopsy or surgery in 32 and eight patients, respectively. SRS, CT, and MRI detected a total of 204, 325, and 394 metastases, respectively. The number of detected metastases was significantly higher with MRI than with CT (P = .02) and SRS (P < 10(-4)) and higher with CT than with SRS (P < 10(-4)). SRS was negative in seven patients with a positive CT and/or MRI. More lesions were detected in 10 patients by SPECT compared with static views. The median metastasis size was significantly correlated (P = .04) with the sensitivity of SRS. MRI seems to have an edge over CT and SRS for the detection of liver metastases from endocrine tumors. We recommend the systematic performance of liver MRI at WDGEP ET initial staging and before major therapeutic events. The low performance of SRS was mainly explained by the impact of the metastasis size on the detection capacity of SRS.
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            Increased incidence trend of low - grade and high-grade neuroendocrine neoplasms

            Purpose The incidence of neuroendocrine neoplasms is increasing. This work aimed at: (i) establishing worldwide incidence trend of low-grade neuroendocrine neoplasms; (ii) defining the incidence and temporal trend of high-grade neuroendocrine neoplasms in USA utilizing the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results database; (iii) comparing trends for low-grade vs. high-grade neuroendocrine neoplasms. Methods We conducted a literature search on MEDLINE and Scopus databases and incidence trends were plotted for 1973-2012. The Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results database was used to identify incidence rates in USA for 1973-2012. Incidence rates were stratified according to histological grade, gender and ethnicity. Trends were summarized as annual percent change and corresponding 95% confidence interval. Results 11 studies were identified involving 72,048 cases; neuroendocrine neoplasm incidence rates increased over time in all countries for all sites, except for appendix. In Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results low-grade neuroendocrine neoplasm incidence rate increased from 1.09 in 1973 to 3.51 per 100,000 in 2012. During this interval, high-grade neuroendocrine neoplasm incidence rate increased from 2.54 to 10.52 per 100,000. African Americans had the highest rates of digestive neuroendocrine neoplasms with male prevalence in high-grade. Conclusions Our data indicate an increase in the incidence of neuroendocrine neoplasms as a worldwide phenomenon, affecting most anatomical sites and involving both low-grade and high-grade neoplasms.
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              Consensus Guidelines for the Management of Patients with Liver Metastases from Digestive (Neuro)endocrine Tumors: Foregut, Midgut, Hindgut, and Unknown Primary

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Radiol Bras
                Radiol Bras
                rb
                Radiologia Brasileira
                Publicação do Colégio Brasileiro de Radiologia e Diagnóstico por Imagem
                0100-3984
                1678-7099
                May-Jun 2020
                May-Jun 2020
                : 53
                : 3
                : 195-200
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Escola Paulista de Medicina da Universidade Federal de São Paulo (EPM-Unifesp), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
                [2 ] Universidade do Vale do Sapucaí (Univás), Pouso Alegre, MG, Brazil.
                [3 ] Diagnósticos da América S/A (Dasa), Barueri, SP, Brazil.
                [4 ] Grupo Fleury, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
                Author notes
                Correspondence: Dr. Abdallah de Paula Houat. EPM-Unifesp - Departamento de Diagnóstico por Imagem. Rua Napoleão de Barros, 800, Vila Clementino. São Paulo, SP, Brazil, 04024-002. Email: abdallah.houat@ 123456gmail.com .
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5543-2079
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9009-1409
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2019-7918
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0838-3731
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1911-9090
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2701-1928
                Article
                10.1590/0100-3984.2019.0038
                7302895
                32587429
                655dcee0-b30d-4383-b943-50b7964a0393

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 14 March 2019
                : 21 June 2019
                Categories
                Pictorial Essay

                carcinoma, neuroendocrine,neuroendocrine tumors,neoplasm metastasis,liver,carcinoma neuroendócrino,tumores neuroendócrinos,metástase neoplásica,fígado

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