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      Regulación de la hepcidina y homeostasis del hierro: avances y perspectivas Translated title: Regulation of hepcidin and iron homeostasis: progress and prospects

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          Abstract

          El estudio de los desórdenes genéticos del metabolismo del hierro, la identificación de sus transportadores y el descubrimiento de la hepcidina, hormona reguladora de la homeostasia del hierro, han contribuido grandemente a aumentar los conocimientos sobre este metabolismo y han cambiado sustancialmente la visión sobre las enfermedades relacionadas con alteraciones del metabolismo férrico. En la última década, no solo se han esclarecido elementos de la patogénesis de estas enfermedades, sino que ya se vislumbran aplicaciones terapéuticas de estos avances. Así, ya se habla de una nueva era basada en el tratamiento de los desórdenes de la homeostasia del hierro a través de la modulación de la hepcidina.

          Translated abstract

          The study of genetic disorders of iron metabolism, identification of transporters and the discovery of hepcidin- a hormone regulating iron homeostasis- have contributed greatly to increase awareness of this metabolism. Substantially, the vision on diseases related to disorders of iron metabolism has been changed. In the last decade, elements of the pathogenesis of these diseases have not only been clarified, but therapeutic applications of these advances are looming. Thus, there are expectations of a new era based on the treatment of iron homeostasis disorders through hepcidin modulation.

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          Two to tango: regulation of Mammalian iron metabolism.

          Disruptions in iron homeostasis from both iron deficiency and overload account for some of the most common human diseases. Iron metabolism is balanced by two regulatory systems, one that functions systemically and relies on the hormone hepcidin and the iron exporter ferroportin, and another that predominantly controls cellular iron metabolism through iron-regulatory proteins that bind iron-responsive elements in regulated messenger RNAs. We describe how the two distinct systems function and how they "tango" together in a coordinated manner. We also highlight some of the current questions in mammalian iron metabolism and discuss therapeutic opportunities arising from a better understanding of the underlying biological principles. Copyright 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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            Hepcidin and iron regulation, 10 years later.

            Tomas Ganz (2011)
            Under evolutionary pressure to counter the toxicity of iron and to maintain adequate iron supply for hemoglobin synthesis and essential metabolic functions, humans and other vertebrates have effective mechanisms to conserve iron and to regulate its concentration, storage, and distribution in tissues. The iron-regulatory hormone hepcidin, first described 10 years ago, and its receptor and iron channel ferroportin control the dietary absorption, storage, and tissue distribution of iron. Hepcidin causes ferroportin internalization and degradation, thereby decreasing iron transfer into blood plasma from the duodenum, from macrophages involved in recycling senescent erythrocytes, and from iron-storing hepatocytes. Hepcidin is feedback regulated by iron concentrations in plasma and the liver and by erythropoietic demand for iron. Genetic malfunctions affecting the hepcidin-ferroportin axis are a main cause of iron overload disorders but can also cause iron-restricted anemias. Modulation of hepcidin and ferroportin expression during infection and inflammation couples iron metabolism to host defense and decreases iron availability to invading pathogens. This response also restricts the iron supply to erythropoietic precursors and may cause or contribute to the anemia associated with infections and inflammatory disorders.
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              Interleukin-6 induces hepcidin expression through STAT3.

              Iron homeostasis is maintained through meticulous regulation of circulating hepcidin levels. Hepcidin levels that are inappropriately low or high result in iron overload or iron deficiency, respectively. Although hypoxia, erythroid demand, iron, and inflammation are all known to influence hepcidin expression, the mechanisms responsible are not well defined. In this report we show that the inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) directly regulates hepcidin through induction and subsequent promoter binding of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). STAT3 is necessary and sufficient for the IL-6 responsiveness of the hepcidin promoter. Our findings provide a mechanism by which hepcidin can be regulated by inflammation or, in the absence of inflammatory stimuli, by alternative mechanisms leading to STAT3 activation.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                hih
                Revista Cubana de Hematología, Inmunología y Hemoterapia
                Rev Cubana Hematol Inmunol Hemoter
                Centro Nacional de Información de Ciencias Médicas; Editorial Ciencias Médicas (La Habana, , Cuba )
                0864-0289
                1561-2996
                December 2012
                : 28
                : 4
                : 347-356
                Affiliations
                [01] La Habana orgnameInstituto de Hematología e Inmunología Cuba
                Article
                S0864-02892012000400004 S0864-0289(12)02800404
                656ba1b9-4a64-44ef-800b-ba224ef29de8

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 15 August 2012
                : 15 August 2012
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 24, Pages: 10
                Product

                SciELO Cuba

                Self URI: Texto completo solamente en formato PDF (ES)
                Categories
                ARTÍCULOS DE REVISIÓN

                iron,hepcidin,ferroportin,iron homeostasis,hierro,hepcidina,ferroportina,homeostasia del hierro

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