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      Un purpura thrombopénique amégacaryocytaire acquis qui cache une leucémie aigue myéloblastique Translated title: Acquired amegacaryocytic thrombocytopenic purpura hiding acute myeloid leukemia

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          Abstract

          Le purpura thrombopénique amégacaryocytaire acquis est une pathologie très rare caractérisé par une thrombopénie sévère liée une réduction ou une disparition des mégacaryocytes au niveau de la moelle osseuse. Il peut être primaire idiopathique ou secondaire à de nombreux états pathologique dont des hémopathies. Nous rapportons le cas d'un patient de 24 ans admis pour prise en charge d'un syndrome hémorragique mis sur le compte d'un purpura thrombopénique immunologique. Le diagnostic a été redressé en une amégacaryocytose aquise après un échec de la corticothérapie et la réalisation d'un myélogramme. Le patient a été mis sous traitement par ciclosporine avec une évolution rapide vers une leucémie aigue myéloblastique. La progression d'une amégacaryocytose acquise vers une leucémie aigue est rapporté mais généralement pas aussi rapidement et surtout précéder par un syndrome myélodysplasique ou une aplasie médullaire. Cette observation impose un suivi strict et rapproché de ces pathologies d'apparence bénigne.

          Translated abstract

          Acquired amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenic purpura is a very rare condition characterized by severe thrombocytopenia linked to the reduction or disappearance of megakaryocytes in the bone marrow. It may be primary idiopathic or secondary to many pathological conditions including hematologic disorders. We report the case of a 24-year-old patient admitted for haemorrhagic syndrome caused by immunological thrombocytopenic purpura. The diagnosis was acquired amegakaryocytosis after the failure of corticotherapy and the performance of myelography. The patient was treated with ciclosporin with rapid progression to acute myeloblastic leukemia. The progression of acquired amegakaryocytosis to acute leukemia is reported but it is generally not so rapid and above all it is preceded by myelodysplastic syndrome or medullary aplasia. This study highlights the importance of a close follow-up of these pathologies with a benign-like appearance.

          Most cited references9

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          Acquired amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia and pure red cell aplasia associated with an occult large granular lymphocyte leukemia.

          Acquired amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia and pure red cell aplasia rarely occur concurrently. We report a case in which these disorders were associated with an occult large granular lymphocyte leukemia. The peripheral blood cytopenias improved after glucocorticoids and intravenous immunoglobulin were administered, and response was maintained with cyclosporine. Large granular lymphocyte leukemia should be suspected in the setting of unexplained bone marrow failure.
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            Rapid progression of acquired amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia to myelodysplastic syndrome: case report.

            Acquired amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia (AAT) is a rare disease characterized by severe thrombocytopenia due to selective reduction or absence of megakaryocytes in the bone marrow. More commonly, patients with AAT have additional hematologic abnormalities such as macrocytosis or dyserythropoiesis, abnormalities which may predict progression to aplastic anemia or myelodysplasia. A 52-year-old female was admitted to hospital with mucosal and gingival bleeding. Megakaryocytes were not seen on the bone marrow aspiration and biopsy. AAT was diagnosed. Although she was treated with immunosuppressive therapy including prednisolone and cyclosporine, her disease progressed to myelodysplastic syndrome. She died at the third month of diagnosis because of cerebral bleeding.
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              Anti-CD20 antibody is effective in the patient with refractory amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia, 25 months follow up

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Pan Afr Med J
                Pan Afr Med J
                PAMJ
                The Pan African Medical Journal
                The African Field Epidemiology Network
                1937-8688
                23 January 2017
                2017
                : 26
                : 32
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Service de Médecine Interne, Hôpital Militaire Moulay Ismail, Meknès, Maroc
                [2 ]Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie de Fès, Maroc
                [3 ]Service d’Hématologie Biologique, Hôpital Militaire Moulay Ismail, Meknès, Maroc
                [4 ]Service d’Anatomopathologie, Hôpital Militaire Moulay Ismail, Meknès, Maroc
                [5 ]Service d’Hématologie Clinique, Hôpital Militaire d’instruction Mohammed V, Rabat, Maroc
                Author notes
                [& ]Corresponding author: Hicham Eddou, Service de Médecine Interne, Hôpital Militaire Moulay Ismail, Meknès, Maroc
                Article
                PAMJ-26-32
                10.11604/pamj.2017.26.32.9215
                5398219
                28451010
                6587e16f-a8b1-46aa-bc64-43a5382de0de
                © Hicham Eddou et al.

                The Pan African Medical Journal - ISSN 1937-8688. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 27 February 2016
                : 09 January 2017
                Categories
                Case Report

                Medicine
                amégacaryocytose acquise,purpura thrombopénique,leucémie aigue,acquired amegakaryocytosis,thrombocytopenic purpura,acute leukemia

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