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      ABO blood groups are not associated to gestational diabetes mellitus in Mexican women

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          Abstract

          Objectives

          Some studies show an increased risk of gestational diabetes mellitus for ABO blood groups. Others find a lower risk or do not identify any association. Inconsistencies may be due to the heterogeneity in the control for confounding variables. We determined the association between ABO blood groups and gestational diabetes mellitus in Mexican women, controlling for gravidity and age, pre-pregnancy body mass index, fasting glucose at the first trimester, and first-degree relative with diabetes.

          Methods

          This case-control study was conducted from February 2019 to December 2021 in Monterrey, Mexico, with 185 cases (women with gestational diabetes mellitus) and 530 controls. ABO blood groups and other variables were obtained from the clinical records. A multivariate binary logistic regression was used for estimating association. Two models were run, one for primigravidae and another for non-primigravidae. A p-value < 0.05 was significant.

          Results

          The ABO blood groups were O (69.4%), A (22.2%), B (6.7%), and AB (1.7%), with no differences between cases and controls (p = 0.884). No association was found between ABO blood groups and gestational diabetes mellitus, in primigravidae or non-primigravidae.

          Conclusion

          ABO blood groups were not associated with an increased risk of gestational diabetes mellitus in Mexican women, independent of gravidity and well-known risk factors.

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          Most cited references34

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          2. Classification and Diagnosis of Diabetes: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes-2018.

          (2017)
          The American Diabetes Association (ADA) "Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes" includes ADA's current clinical practice recommendations and is intended to provide the components of diabetes care, general treatment goals and guidelines, and tools to evaluate quality of care. Members of the ADA Professional Practice Committee, a multidisciplinary expert committee, are responsible for updating the Standards of Care annually, or more frequently as warranted. For a detailed description of ADA standards, statements, and reports, as well as the evidence-grading system for ADA's clinical practice recommendations, please refer to the Standards of Care Introduction Readers who wish to comment on the Standards of Care are invited to do so at professional.diabetes.org/SOC.
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            The Pathophysiology of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

            Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a serious pregnancy complication, in which women without previously diagnosed diabetes develop chronic hyperglycemia during gestation. In most cases, this hyperglycemia is the result of impaired glucose tolerance due to pancreatic β-cell dysfunction on a background of chronic insulin resistance. Risk factors for GDM include overweight and obesity, advanced maternal age, and a family history or any form of diabetes. Consequences of GDM include increased risk of maternal cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes and macrosomia and birth complications in the infant. There is also a longer-term risk of obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease in the child. GDM affects approximately 16.5% of pregnancies worldwide, and this number is set to increase with the escalating obesity epidemic. While several management strategies exist—including insulin and lifestyle interventions—there is not yet a cure or an efficacious prevention strategy. One reason for this is that the molecular mechanisms underlying GDM are poorly defined. This review discusses what is known about the pathophysiology of GDM, and where there are gaps in the literature that warrant further exploration.
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              Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Mechanisms, Treatment, and Complications

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Data curationRole: Formal analysisRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: Project administrationRole: SoftwareRole: SupervisionRole: ValidationRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Data curationRole: MethodologyRole: SupervisionRole: ValidationRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Data curationRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: Project administrationRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: Data curationRole: Formal analysisRole: InvestigationRole: Project administrationRole: SoftwareRole: SupervisionRole: ValidationRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: Data curationRole: Formal analysisRole: InvestigationRole: Project administrationRole: SupervisionRole: ValidationRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: Editor
                Journal
                PLoS One
                PLoS One
                plos
                PLOS ONE
                Public Library of Science (San Francisco, CA USA )
                1932-6203
                16 October 2023
                2023
                : 18
                : 10
                : e0292493
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Unidad de Investigación Epidemiológica y en Servicios de Salud/CIBIN, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México
                [2 ] Facultad de Salud Pública y Nutrición, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México
                [3 ] Vicerrectoría de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Monterrey, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México
                [4 ] Unidad de Medicina Familiar No. 26, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México
                [5 ] Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León México
                University of Mississippi Medical Center, UNITED STATES
                Author notes

                Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8253-3403
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7925-6524
                Article
                PONE-D-23-17533
                10.1371/journal.pone.0292493
                10578575
                37844033
                65cb8fa3-3b48-4f83-81fd-a997aab1271f
                © 2023 Cordero-Franco et al

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

                History
                : 7 June 2023
                : 21 September 2023
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 3, Pages: 9
                Funding
                The author(s) received no specific funding for this work.
                Categories
                Research Article
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Anatomy
                Body Fluids
                Blood
                Blood Groups
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Anatomy
                Body Fluids
                Blood
                Blood Groups
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Physiology
                Body Fluids
                Blood
                Blood Groups
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Women's Health
                Maternal Health
                Pregnancy
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Women's Health
                Obstetrics and Gynecology
                Pregnancy
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Epidemiology
                Medical Risk Factors
                Cancer Risk Factors
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Oncology
                Cancer Risk Factors
                Physical Sciences
                Chemistry
                Chemical Compounds
                Organic Compounds
                Carbohydrates
                Monosaccharides
                Glucose
                Physical Sciences
                Chemistry
                Organic Chemistry
                Organic Compounds
                Carbohydrates
                Monosaccharides
                Glucose
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Endocrinology
                Endocrine Disorders
                Diabetes Mellitus
                Gestational Diabetes
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Medical Conditions
                Metabolic Disorders
                Diabetes Mellitus
                Gestational Diabetes
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Endocrinology
                Endocrine Disorders
                Diabetes Mellitus
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Medical Conditions
                Metabolic Disorders
                Diabetes Mellitus
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Physiology
                Physiological Parameters
                Body Weight
                Body Mass Index
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Epidemiology
                Medical Risk Factors
                Custom metadata
                All relevant data are within the paper and its Supporting information files.

                Uncategorized
                Uncategorized

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