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      Improving the safety of the embryo and the patient during in vitro fertilization procedures

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          Abstract

          In vitro fertilization (IVF) is a method of treatment for infertility in selected indications. Recent years have brought dynamic development of technologies related to IVF. This article presents problems pertaining to the safety of technology with respect to the patient, as well as the embryo, based on an analysis of scientific reports and our own experience. Invasiveness of the IVF procedure for the woman and the embryo varies on an individual basis. Minimization of the invasiveness of IVF requires experience of the staff performing the procedure, especially with respect to the assessment of risk for an individual patient. Technologies related to IVF are constantly being improved, and the effectiveness of the selected individual treatment methods is not always scientifically confirmed.

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          Most cited references26

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          Sperm selection in natural conception: what can we learn from Mother Nature to improve assisted reproduction outcomes?

          BACKGROUND In natural conception only a few sperm cells reach the ampulla or the site of fertilization. This population is a selected group of cells since only motile cells can pass through cervical mucus and gain initial entry into the female reproductive tract. In animals, some studies indicate that the sperm selected by the reproductive tract and recovered from the uterus and the oviducts have higher fertilization rates but this is not a universal finding. Some species show less discrimination in sperm selection and abnormal sperm do arrive at the oviduct. In contrast, assisted reproductive technologies (ART) utilize a more random sperm population. In this review we contrast the journey of the spermatozoon in vivo and in vitro and discuss this in the context of developing new sperm preparation and selection techniques for ART. METHODS A review of the literature examining characteristics of the spermatozoa selected in vivo is compared with recent developments in in vitro selection and preparation methods. Contrasts and similarities are presented. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS New technologies are being developed to aid in the diagnosis, preparation and selection of spermatozoa in ART. To date progress has been frustrating and these methods have provided variable benefits in improving outcomes after ART. It is more likely that examining the mechanisms enforced by nature will provide valuable information in regard to sperm selection and preparation techniques in vitro. Identifying the properties of those spermatozoa which do reach the oviduct will also be important for the development of more effective tests of semen quality. In this review we examine the value of sperm selection to see how much guidance for ART can be gleaned from the natural selection processes in vivo.
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            Morphokinetic analysis of cleavage stage embryos and its relationship to aneuploidy in a retrospective time-lapse imaging study.

            To analyze differences in morphokinetic parameters of chromosomally normal and aneuploid embryos utilizing time-lapse imaging and CGH microarray analysis.
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              Clinical complications after transvaginal oocyte retrieval in 7,098 IVF cycles.

              We report the complications observed after transvaginal oocyte retrieval guided by ultrasound in 7,098 IVF cycles. The frequency of severe complications in our patients was 0.08%, of which four cases were intraperitoneal bleeding (0.06%) and two were cases of ovarian abscess (0.003%).
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Wideochir Inne Tech Maloinwazyjne
                Wideochir Inne Tech Maloinwazyjne
                WIITM
                Videosurgery and other Miniinvasive Techniques
                Termedia Publishing House
                1895-4588
                2299-0054
                23 August 2016
                2016
                : 11
                : 3
                : 137-143
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Laboratory of Diagnostic Procedures, Faculty of Nursing and Health Sciences, Medical University, Lublin, Poland
                [2 ]International Scientific Association for the Support and Development of Medical Technologies, Lublin, Poland
                [3 ]Department for Woman Health, Institute of Rural Health, Lublin, Poland
                Author notes
                Address for correspondence Iwona Bojar PhD, Department for Woman Health, Institute of Rural Health, 2 Jaczewskiego St, 20-090 Lublin, Poland. phone: +48 79 310 15 15. e-mail: iwonabojar75@ 123456gmail.com
                Article
                28236
                10.5114/wiitm.2016.61940
                5095273
                65d97e37-907c-4e06-a512-26ab4ae89e85
                Copyright: © 2016 Fundacja Videochirurgii

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) License, allowing third parties to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format and to remix, transform, and build upon the material, provided the original work is properly cited and states its license.

                History
                : 18 July 2016
                : 08 August 2016
                Categories
                Review Paper

                embryo,in vitro fertilization,safety
                embryo, in vitro fertilization, safety

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