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      Profil épidémiologique et clinique de la tuberculose dans la zone de santé de Lubumbashi (RD Congo) Translated title: Clinical and epidemiological profile of tuberculosis in the health area of Lubumbashi (DR Congo)

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          Abstract

          Introduction

          L'objectif de notre travail était de déterminer la distribution sociodémographique des patients tuberculeux, les types de tuberculose en fonction de la localisation de la maladie et déterminer l'issue thérapeutique des patients en fonction de différentes localisations.

          Méthodes

          C'est une étude descriptive transversale des patients diagnostiqués et traités pour tuberculose du 1 er Janvier 2010 au 30 Juin 2011 dans la zone de santé de Lubumbashi. Une de 11 zones de santé du District de Lubumbashi dans la province du Katanga(RD Congo). Ont été inclus tous les patients tuberculeux de nationalité congolaise consultés dans la zone de santé pendant la période d’étude. L’âge, le sexe, la commune de résidence, le tableau clinique à la première consultation et les résultats des examens de laboratoire des crachats par la coloration Ziehl-Neelsen ont été les paramètres d'analyse.

          Résultats

          Nous avons enregistré 708 patients tuberculeux soit une prévalence de 0.5%. Le sexe masculin représentait 58.78% contre 41.25% de sexe féminin avec un sexe ratio de 1.42 en faveur du sexe masculin. La moyenne d’âge était de 33±;15 ans. La majorité des patients soit 54.79 appartiennent à la tranche d’âge entre 21 et 40 ans. La tuberculose extra pulmonaire a représenté 51.8% contre 50.2% de tuberculose pulmonaire dont 31.9% à bacilloscopie positive. Le décès a intéressé les patients bacillifères puis qu'il y a 5 fois plus de décès liés à une tuberculose pulmonaire à microscopie positive qu'aux autres formes de tuberculose (OR (IC 95%): 5.27 (2.92-9.59, p = 0.00). La majorité des patients résidaient les communes Lubumbashi (41.7%) et Kampemba (23.2%).

          Conclusion

          La tuberculose extrapulmonaire (pleurale) a été plus rencontrée que la tuberculose pulmonaire et c'est cette dernière forme de tuberculose qui a entrainé beaucoup plus de décès. Ce qui nécessite une amélioration du système de santé de prise en charge des tuberculeux dans les démarches diagnostique, le suivi des patients bacilliformes et encourager l'adhérence au traitement.

          Most cited references14

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          The relationship between delayed or incomplete treatment and all-cause mortality in patients with tuberculosis.

          To analyze the factors associated with survival in patients with pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis in New York City. Observational study of a citywide cohort of tuberculosis cases. New York City, April 1991, before the strengthening of its control program. All 229 newly diagnosed cases of tuberculosis documented by culture in April 1991. Most patients (74%) were male, and the median age was 37 years (range, 1-89 years). In all, 89% belonged to minority groups. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection was present in 50% and multidrug resistance in 7% of the cases. Twenty-one patients (9%) were not treated. Follow-up information was collected through the New York City tuberculosis registry; death from any cause was verified through the National Death Index. Cumulative all-cause mortality by October 1994 was 44%; the median survival for those who died was 6.3 months (range, 0 days to 3 years). The most important baseline predictors of mortality, adjusted for baseline clinical and demographic factors, were acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) (91% vs 11% in HIV-seronegative patients; Cox relative risk [RR], 7.8; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.1-29.1), multidrug resistance (87% vs 39% in pansensitive cases; adjusted RR, 5.8; 95% CI, 2.3-14.5), and lack of treatment (81% vs 40%; adjusted RR, 3.1; 95% CI, 1.0-9.7). Also, 11 of 13 HIV-infected patients who started treatment after a 1-month delay died. Among 173 patients surviving the recommended treatment period, those who completed therapy (66%) had a lower subsequent mortality (20% vs 37%; RR, 0.5; 95% CI, 0.3-0.9). Mortality from tuberculosis was high, even among patients without multidrug resistance who were not known to be infected with HIV. Most HIV-seropositive patients with delayed therapy died. Multidrug resistance predicted higher mortality, and treatment completion was associated with improved subsequent patient survival.
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            Mortality among tuberculosis patients in The Netherlands in the period 1993-1995.

            This study aimed to estimate excess mortality among tuberculosis patients in The Netherlands and identify risk factors for tuberculosis-associated mortality. The national tuberculosis register provided data on patients diagnosed in the period 1993-1995. Excess mortality in tuberculosis cases, according to age and sex, was determined by comparison with national mortality rates. Risk factors were identified and adjustment for confounders was carried out using Cox's proportional hazard analysis. Of 4,340 patients alive at diagnosis, 258 died within 1 yr while on treatment. The Kaplan-Meier survival probability after 1 yr was 93%. Tuberculosis patients had a standardized mortality ratio of 8.3. Independent risk factors for mortality were: gender; age; presence of a malignancy or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection; addiction to alcohol or drugs; localization of tuberculosis; and the type of medical officer having made the diagnosis. Of all deaths, 83% occurred in two risk groups comprising 21% of tuberculosis patients: those aged > or =65 yrs and those having HIV infection or a malignancy. Tuberculosis patients in The Netherlands are at a considerably increased risk of death. However, the prognosis is very good for those aged less than 65 yrs and without human immunodeficiency virus infection or a malignancy.
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              Outcome of pulmonary tuberculosis treatment in the tertiary care setting--Toronto 1992/93. Tuberculosis Treatment Completion Study Group.

              Completion of treatment of active cases of tuberculosis (TB) is the most important priority of TB control programs. This study was carried out to assess treatment completion for active cases of pulmonary TB in Toronto. Consecutive cases of culture-proven pulmonary TB were obtained from the microbiology laboratories of 5 university-affiliated tertiary care centres in Toronto in 1992/93. A standard data-collection tool was used to abstract information from inpatient and outpatient charts. For patients who were transferred to other treatment centres or lost to follow-up, the local health unit was contacted for information about treatment completion. If incomplete information was obtained from these sources, data from the provincial Reportable Disease Information System were also reviewed. The main outcome analysed was treatment outcome, with cases classified as completed (record of treatment completion noted), transferred (patient transferred to another centre but no treatment results available), defaulted (record of defaulting in patient chart but no record of treatment completion elsewhere, or patient still receiving treatment more than 15 months after diagnosis) or dead (patient died before treatment completion). Of the 145 patients 84 (58%) completed treatment, 25 (17%) died, 22 (15%) defaulted and 14 (10%) were transferred. The corresponding values for the 22 patients with HIV coinfection were 6 (27%), 5 (23%), 8 (36%) and 3 (14%). Independent predictors of failure to complete treatment were injection drug use (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 5.7, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.5 to 22.0), HIV infection (adjusted OR 4.6, 95% CI 1.4 to 14.7) and adverse drug reaction (adjusted OR 2.9, 95% CI 1.1 to 7.9). Independent predictors of death included age more than 50 years (adjusted OR 16.7, 95% CI 2.6 to 105.1), HIV infection (adjusted OR 16.1, 95% CI 3.9 to 66.4), immunosuppressive therapy (adjusted OR 8.0, 95% CI 1.9 to 34.4) and infection with a multidrug-resistant organism (adjusted OR 30.7, 95% CI 1.5 to 623.0). Treatment completion rates in tertiary care hospitals in Toronto in 1992/93 were below the rate recommended by the World Health Organization. Careful surveillance of treatment completion is necessary for the management of TB in metropolitan centres in Canada.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Pan Afr Med J
                Pan Afr Med J
                PAMJ
                The Pan African Medical Journal
                The African Field Epidemiology Network
                1937-8688
                28 January 2014
                2014
                : 17
                : 70
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Service de médecine interne, Cliniques Universitaires de Lubumbashi, Unilu, BP 1825, RD Congo
                [2 ]Service d'anesthésie-réanimation, Cliniques Universitaires de Lubumbashi, Unilu, BP 1825, RD Congo
                [3 ]Service de Gynéco-obstétrique, Cliniques Universitaires de Lubumbashi, Unilu BP 1852, RD Congo
                [4 ]Service de Laboratoire, Cliniques Universitaires de Lubumbashi, Unilu, BP 1825, RD Congo
                [5 ]Médecin chef zone de santé de Lubumbashi, District de santé de Lubumbashi, Katanga, RD Congo
                [6 ]Ecole de Santé Publique, Université de Lubumbashi(Unilu), BP 1825, RD Congo
                [7 ]Service de Pédiatrie, Cliniques Universitaires de Lubumbashi, Unilu, BP 1825, RD Congo
                Author notes
                [& ]Corresponding author: Michel Manika Muteya, Service d'anesthésie-réanimation, Cliniques Universitaires de Lubumbashi, Unilu, BP 1825, Lubumbashi, R.D.Congo
                Article
                PAMJ-17-70
                10.11604/pamj.2014.17.70.2445
                4085900
                25018820
                65e9d146-d399-47bc-9ff3-9b5ecf8c4632
                © Christian Kakisingi Ngama et al.

                The Pan African Medical Journal - ISSN 1937-8688. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 17 February 2013
                : 24 December 2013
                Categories
                Research

                Medicine
                tuberculose,zone de santé,lubumbashi,tuberculosis,health zone
                Medicine
                tuberculose, zone de santé, lubumbashi, tuberculosis, health zone

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