13
views
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
0 collections
    0
    shares
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      Biomarkers associated with low, moderate, and high vastus lateralis muscle hypertrophy following 12 weeks of resistance training

      research-article

      Read this article at

      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          We sought to identify biomarkers which delineated individual hypertrophic responses to resistance training. Untrained, college-aged males engaged in full-body resistance training (3 d/wk) for 12 weeks. Body composition via dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA), vastus lateralis (VL) thickness via ultrasound, blood, VL muscle biopsies, and three-repetition maximum (3-RM) squat strength were obtained prior to (PRE) and following (POST) 12 weeks of training. K-means cluster analysis based on VL thickness changes identified LOW [n = 17; change (mean±SD) = +0.11±0.14 cm], modest (MOD; n = 29, +0.40±0.06 cm), and high (HI; n = 21, +0.69±0.14 cm) responders. Biomarkers related to histology, ribosome biogenesis, proteolysis, inflammation, and androgen signaling were analyzed between clusters. There were main effects of time (POST>PRE, p<0.05) but no cluster×time interactions for increases in DXA lean body mass, type I and II muscle fiber cross sectional area and myonuclear number, satellite cell number, and macronutrients consumed. Interestingly, PRE VL thickness was ~12% greater in LOW versus HI (p = 0.021), despite POST values being ~12% greater in HI versus LOW (p = 0.006). However there was only a weak correlation between PRE VL thickness scores and change in VL thickness (r 2 = 0.114, p = 0.005). Forced post hoc analysis indicated that muscle total RNA levels (i.e., ribosome density) did not significantly increase in the LOW cluster (351±70 ng/mg to 380±62, p = 0.253), but increased in the MOD (369±115 to 429±92, p = 0.009) and HI clusters (356±77 to 470±134, p<0.001; POST HI>POST LOW, p = 0.013). Nonetheless, there was only a weak association between change in muscle total RNA and VL thickness (r 2 = 0.079, p = 0.026). IL-1β mRNA levels decreased in the MOD and HI clusters following training (p<0.05), although associations between this marker and VL thickness changes were not significant (r 2 = 0.0002, p = 0.919). In conclusion, individuals with lower pre-training VL thickness values and greater increases muscle total RNA levels following 12 weeks of resistance training experienced greater VL muscle growth, although these biomarkers individually explained only ~8–11% of the variance in hypertrophy.

          Related collections

          Most cited references45

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: found
          Is Open Access

          Interleukin‐6 myokine signaling in skeletal muscle: a double‐edged sword?

          Interleukin (IL)‐6 is a cytokine with pleiotropic functions in different tissues and organs. Skeletal muscle produces and releases significant levels of IL‐6 after prolonged exercise and is therefore considered as a myokine. Muscle is also an important target of the cytokine. IL‐6 signaling has been associated with stimulation of hypertrophic muscle growth and myogenesis through regulation of the proliferative capacity of muscle stem cells. Additional beneficial effects of IL‐6 include regulation of energy metabolism, which is related to the capacity of actively contracting muscle to synthesize and release IL‐6. Paradoxically, deleterious actions for IL‐6 have also been proposed, such as promotion of atrophy and muscle wasting. We review the current evidence for these apparently contradictory effects, the mechanisms involved and discuss their possible biological implications.
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: not found

            IL-6-induced skeletal muscle atrophy.

            Chronic, low-level elevation of circulating interleukin (IL)-6 is observed in disease states as well as in many outwardly healthy elderly individuals. Increased plasma IL-6 is also observed after intense, prolonged exercise. In the context of skeletal muscle, IL-6 has variously been reported to regulate carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, increase satellite cell proliferation, or cause muscle wasting. In the present study, we used a rodent local infusion model to deliver modest levels of IL-6, comparable to that present after exercise or with chronic low-level inflammation in the elderly, directly into a single target muscle in vivo. The aim of this study was to examine the direct effects of IL-6 on skeletal muscle in the absence of systemic changes in this cytokine. Data included cellular and molecular markers of cytokine and growth factor signaling (phosphorylation and mRNA content) as well as measurements to detect muscle atrophy. IL-6 infusion resulted in muscle atrophy characterized by a preferential loss of myofibrillar protein (-17%). IL-6 induced a decrease in the phosphorylation of ribosomal S6 kinase (-60%) and STAT5 (-33%), whereas that of STAT3 was increased approximately twofold. The changes seen in the IL-6-infused muscles suggest alterations in the balance of growth factor-related signaling in favor of a more catabolic profile. This suggests that downregulation of growth factor-mediated intracellular signaling may be a mechanism contributing to the development of muscle atrophy induced by elevated IL-6.
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              Potent myofiber hypertrophy during resistance training in humans is associated with satellite cell-mediated myonuclear addition: a cluster analysis.

              A present debate in muscle biology is whether myonuclear addition is required during skeletal muscle hypertrophy. We utilized K-means cluster analysis to classify 66 humans after 16 wk of knee extensor resistance training as extreme (Xtr, n = 17), modest (Mod, n = 32), or nonresponders (Non, n = 17) based on myofiber hypertrophy, which averaged 58, 28, and 0%, respectively (Bamman MM, Petrella JK, Kim JS, Mayhew DL, Cross JM. J Appl Physiol 102: 2232-2239, 2007). We hypothesized that robust hypertrophy seen in Xtr was driven by superior satellite cell (SC) activation and myonuclear addition. Vastus lateralis biopsies were obtained at baseline and week 16. SCs were identified immunohistochemically by surface expression of neural cell adhesion molecule. At baseline, myofiber size did not differ among clusters; however, the SC population was greater in Xtr (P < 0.01) than both Mod and Non, suggesting superior basal myogenic potential. SC number increased robustly during training in Xtr only (117%; P < 0.001). Myonuclear addition occurred in Mod (9%; P < 0.05) and was most effectively accomplished in Xtr (26%; P < 0.001). After training, Xtr had more myonuclei per fiber than Non (23%; P < 0.05) and tended to have more than Mod (19%; P = 0.056). Both Xtr and Mod expanded the myonuclear domain to meet (Mod) or exceed (Xtr) 2,000 mum(2) per nucleus, possibly driving demand for myonuclear addition to support myofiber expansion. These findings strongly suggest myonuclear addition via SC recruitment may be required to achieve substantial myofiber hypertrophy in humans. Individuals with a greater basal presence of SCs demonstrated, with training, a remarkable ability to expand the SC pool, incorporate new nuclei, and achieve robust growth.
                Bookmark

                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Data curationRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: ValidationRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: Data curationRole: Formal analysisRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: Data curationRole: Formal analysisRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: Data curationRole: Formal analysisRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: Data curationRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: Data curationRole: Formal analysisRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: SupervisionRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: Data curationRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: Data curationRole: Formal analysisRole: MethodologyRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: Data curationRole: Formal analysisRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: Formal analysisRole: MethodologyRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Funding acquisitionRole: SupervisionRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Data curationRole: Formal analysisRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: Project administrationRole: SupervisionRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: Editor
                Journal
                PLoS One
                PLoS ONE
                plos
                plosone
                PLoS ONE
                Public Library of Science (San Francisco, CA USA )
                1932-6203
                5 April 2018
                2018
                : 13
                : 4
                : e0195203
                Affiliations
                [1 ] School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States of America
                [2 ] Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine–Auburn Campus, Auburn, AL, United States of America
                [3 ] Lockwood LLC, Draper, UT, United States of America
                University of Birmingham, UNITED KINGDOM
                Author notes

                Competing Interests: C.M.L. is affiliated with Lockwood, LLC. This individual originally donated funding for materials in the parent paper using these data which examined the effects of different nutritional supplements (Mobley et al. Nutrients, 2017). This individual did provide intellectual input on the study design and manuscript editing, but was not involved with data collection and analysis or decision to publish. Additionally, the involvement of this individual does not alter our adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.

                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7359-5362
                Article
                PONE-D-17-38925
                10.1371/journal.pone.0195203
                5886420
                29621305
                669acbc4-95d3-4adf-8675-a07b98e4ed24
                © 2018 Mobley et al

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

                History
                : 1 November 2017
                : 19 March 2018
                Page count
                Figures: 8, Tables: 2, Pages: 20
                Funding
                Funded by: Hilmar Ingredients
                Award Recipient :
                Funded by: Bionutritional Research Group
                Award Recipient :
                The authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose regarding the publication of these data. Funding for participant compensation was provided by gift monies donated to M.D.R. through Hilmar Ingredients (Hilmar, CA, USA) and Bionutritional Research Group (Irvine, CA, USA), and Lockwood LLC (C.M.L., Draper, UT, USA) solicited these donations. Reagent costs were made possible through discretionary laboratory funds (M.D.R.). The authors would like to thank the participants for devoting their time to the completion of this study.
                Categories
                Research Article
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Public and Occupational Health
                Physical Activity
                Physical Fitness
                Exercise
                Strength Training
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Sports and Exercise Medicine
                Exercise
                Strength Training
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Sports Science
                Sports and Exercise Medicine
                Exercise
                Strength Training
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Anatomy
                Musculoskeletal System
                Muscles
                Skeletal Muscles
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Anatomy
                Musculoskeletal System
                Muscles
                Skeletal Muscles
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Biochemistry
                Ribosomes
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Cell Biology
                Cellular Structures and Organelles
                Ribosomes
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Biochemistry
                Biosynthesis
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Biochemistry
                Proteins
                Muscle Proteins
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Cell Biology
                Cellular Types
                Animal Cells
                Muscle Fibers
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Anatomy
                Musculoskeletal System
                Muscles
                Muscle Fibers
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Anatomy
                Musculoskeletal System
                Muscles
                Muscle Fibers
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Biochemistry
                Biomarkers
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Biochemistry
                Proteins
                Protein Complexes
                Proteasomes
                Custom metadata
                All relevant data are within the paper and its Supporting Information files.

                Uncategorized
                Uncategorized

                Comments

                Comment on this article

                scite_

                Similar content31

                Cited by36

                Most referenced authors629