Fetal Cardiac MRI

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Abstract

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an appealing technology for fetal cardiovascular assessment. It can be used to visualize fetal cardiac and vascular anatomy, to quantify fetal blood flow, and to quantify fetal blood oxygen saturation and hematocrit. However, there are practical limitations to the use of conventional MRI for fetal cardiovascular assessment, including the small size and high heart rate of the human fetus, the lack of conventional cardiac gating methods to synchronize data acquisition, and the potential corruption of MRI data due to maternal respiration and unpredictable fetal movements. In this review, we discuss recent technical advances in accelerated imaging, image reconstruction, cardiac gating, and motion compensation that have enabled dynamic MRI of the fetal heart.

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Most cited references 51

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Reduced fetal cerebral oxygen consumption is associated with smaller brain size in fetuses with congenital heart disease.

Liqun Sun, Christopher Macgowan, John G Sled … (2015)

Fetal hypoxia has been implicated in the abnormal brain development seen in newborns with congenital heart disease (CHD). New magnetic resonance imaging technology now offers the potential to investigate the relationship between fetal hemodynamics and brain dysmaturation.

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Registration-based approach for reconstruction of high-resolution in utero fetal MR brain images.

François Rousseau, Claudia Carranza, Daniel Vigneron … (2006)

This paper describes a novel approach to forming high-resolution MR images of the human fetal brain. It addresses the key problem of fetal motion by proposing a registration-refined compounding of multiple sets of orthogonal fast two-dimensional MRI slices, which are currently acquired for clinical studies, into a single high-resolution MRI volume. A robust multiresolution slice alignment is applied iteratively to the data to correct motion of the fetus that occurs between two-dimensional acquisitions. This is combined with an intensity correction step and a super-resolution reconstruction step, to form a single high isotropic resolution volume of the fetal brain. Experimental validation on synthetic image data with known motion types and underlying anatomy, together with retrospective application to sets of clinical acquisitions, are included. Results indicate that this method promises a unique route to acquiring high-resolution MRI of the fetal brain in vivo allowing comparable quality to that of neonatal MRI. Such data provide a highly valuable window into the process of normal and abnormal brain development, which is directly applicable in a clinical setting.

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High spatial and temporal resolution cardiac cine MRI from retrospective reconstruction of data acquired in real time using motion correction and resorting.

E R McVeigh, Christophe Chefd'hotel, Hanns-Martin Lorenz … (2009)

Cine MRI is used for assessing cardiac function and flow and is typically based on a breath-held, segmented data acquisition. Breath holding is particularly difficult for patients with congestive heart failure or in pediatric cases. Real-time imaging may be used without breath holding or ECG triggering. However, despite the use of rapid imaging sequences and accelerated parallel imaging, real-time imaging typically has compromised spatial and temporal resolution compared with gated, segmented breath-held studies. A new method is proposed that produces a cardiac cine across the full cycle, with both high spatial and temporal resolution from a retrospective reconstruction of data acquired over multiple heartbeats during free breathing. The proposed method was compared with conventional cine images in 10 subjects. The resultant image quality for the proposed method (4.2 +/- 0.4) without breath holding or gating was comparable to the conventional cine (4.4 +/- 0.5) on a five-point scale (P = n.s.). Motion-corrected averaging of real-time acquired cardiac images provides a means of attaining high-quality cine images with many of the benefits of real-time imaging, such as free-breathing acquisition and tolerance to arrhythmias.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Top Magn Reson Imaging

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Top Magn Reson Imaging

Journal ID (publisher-id): RMR

Title: Topics in Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Publisher: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

ISSN (Print): 0899-3459

ISSN (Electronic): 1536-1004

Publication date (Print): October 2019

Publication date (Electronic): 08 October 2019

Volume: 28

Issue: 5

Pages: 235-244

Affiliations

[∗ ]Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland

[† ]School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK

[‡ ]Division of Pediatric Cardiology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

[§ ]Departments of Pediatrics and Diagnostic Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

[|| ]Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

[¶ ]Division of Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Author notes

Address correspondence to Christopher K. Macgowan, PhD, Division of Translational Medicine, Room 08.9714, 686 Bay Street, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research & Learning, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada (e-mail: christopher.macgowan@ 123456sickkids.ca ).

Article

Publisher ID: TMRI-19-00015

DOI: 10.1097/RMR.0000000000000218

PMC ID: 6791520

PubMed ID: 31592990

SO-VID: 6702f715-92cc-49fb-8d96-6c05cdb97654

License:

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives License 4.0 (CCBY-NC-ND), where it is permissible to download and share the work provided it is properly cited. The work cannot be changed in any way or used commercially without permission from the journal. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0

History

Date received : 19 April 2019

Date accepted : 25 June 2019

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Keywords: accelerated imaging,congenital heart disease,fetal heart,magnetic resonance imaging,motion correction

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Keywords: accelerated imaging, congenital heart disease, fetal heart, magnetic resonance imaging, motion correction

Fetal Cardiac MRI : A Review of Technical Advancements

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Abstract

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Stroke MRI

Most cited references 51

Reduced fetal cerebral oxygen consumption is associated with smaller brain size in fetuses with congenital heart disease.

Registration-based approach for reconstruction of high-resolution in utero fetal MR brain images.

High spatial and temporal resolution cardiac cine MRI from retrospective reconstruction of data acquired in real time using motion correction and resorting.

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