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      Diagnostic and therapeutic features of small bowel involvement in portal hypertension Translated title: Aspectos diagnósticos y terapéuticos de la afectación del intestino delgado en la hipertensión portal

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          Abstract

          Enteropathy is a lesser known complication of portal hypertension and consists of different changes in the mucosal layer of the small bowel which lead to the appearance of vascular and inflammatory lesions. It can be an important co-factor in the development of anemia in the cirrhotic population, and nowadays an easy and non-invasive diagnosis can be made thanks to capsule endoscopy. However, it is rarely considered in the management of patients with portal hypertension. Some aspects such as pathogenesis or incidence remain unclear and no specific recommendations are included in the guidelines regarding diagnosis or treatment. A review of the available literature was performed with regards to the most relevant aspects of this entity.

          Translated abstract

          La enteropatía es la menos conocida de entre las complicaciones de la hipertensión portal y consiste en una serie de cambios en la mucosa del intestino delgado que dan lugar a la aparición de lesiones vasculares e inflamatorias sobre la misma. Aunque puede ser un cofactor importante en la anemia de la población cirrótica, y a pesar de que en la actualidad es posible realizar un diagnóstico de la misma de modo simple y no invasivo gracias a los estudios de cápsula endoscópica, es rara vez tenida en consideración en el manejo de los pacientes con hipertensión portal. Aspectos como su patogenia o su incidencia real siguen sin ser aclarados, y tampoco existen consenso ni recomendaciones en las guías de práctica clínica sobre su diagnóstico o tratamiento. Se ha realizado una revisión narrativa de la literatura disponible sobre los aspectos más importantes de esta entidad.

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          Liver stiffness measurement predicts severe portal hypertension in patients with HCV-related cirrhosis.

          Measurement of hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) is a standard method for the assessment of portal pressure and correlates with the occurrence of its complications. Liver stiffness measurement (LSM) has been proposed as a noninvasive technique for the prediction of the complications of cirrhosis. In this study, we evaluated the ability of LSM to predict severe portal hypertension compared with that of HVPG in 61 consecutive patients with HCV-related chronic liver disease. A strong relationship between LSM and HVPG measurements was found in the overall population (r=0.81, P or=10 mm Hg (r2=0.35, P or=12 mm Hg (r2=0.17, P=0.02). The AUROC for the prediction of HVPG>or=10 and >or=12 mm Hg were 0.99 and 0.92, respectively and at LSM cutoff values of 13.6 kPa and 17.6 kPa, sensitivity was 97% and 94%, respectively. In patients with cirrhosis, LSM positively correlated with the presence of esophageal varices (P=0.002), although no correlation between LSM and esophageal varices size was detected. The area under the ROC for the prediction of EV was 0.76 and at a LSM cutoff value of 17.6 kPa sensitivity was 90%. LSM represents a non-invasive tool for the identification of chronic liver disease patients with clinically significant or severe portal hypertension and could be employed for screening patients to be subjected to standard investigations including upper GI endoscopy and hemodynamic studies.
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            Functional aspects on the pathophysiology of portal hypertension in cirrhosis.

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              Assessing portal hypertension in liver diseases.

              Portal hypertension is a common complication of chronic liver diseases and is responsible for most clinical consequences of cirrhosis, which represent the more frequent causes of death and liver transplantation in these patients. This review is aimed at clarifying the state-of-the art assessment of portal hypertension and at discussing recent developments in this field. Particular attention is paid to new noninvasive techniques that will be soon available for potential routine use.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                diges
                Revista Española de Enfermedades Digestivas
                Rev. esp. enferm. dig.
                Sociedad Española de Patología Digestiva (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                1130-0108
                December 2017
                : 109
                : 12
                : 856-862
                Affiliations
                [01] Murcia orgnameHospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca orgdiv1Department of Digestive Diseases Spain
                Article
                S1130-01082017001200008
                10.17235/reed.2017.4596/2016
                678d18b2-1d3b-4147-86c0-83fefea15a0a

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                : 24 February 2017
                : 09 September 2016
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 54, Pages: 7
                Product

                SciELO Spain


                Hipertensión portal,Cápsula endoscópica,Hypertensive enteropathy,Portal hypertension,Capsule endoscopy,Enteropatía hipertensiva

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