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      Medical telerobotic systems: current status and future trends

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          Abstract

          Teleoperated medical robotic systems allow procedures such as surgeries, treatments, and diagnoses to be conducted across short or long distances while utilizing wired and/or wireless communication networks. This study presents a systematic review of the relevant literature between the years 2004 and 2015, focusing on medical teleoperated robotic systems which have witnessed tremendous growth over the examined period. A thorough insight of telerobotics systems discussing design concepts, enabling technologies (namely robotic manipulation, telecommunications, and vision systems), and potential applications in clinical practice is provided, while existing limitations and future trends are also highlighted. A representative paradigm of the short-distance case is the da Vinci Surgical System which is described in order to highlight relevant issues. The long-distance telerobotics concept is exemplified through a case study on diagnostic ultrasound scanning. Moreover, the present review provides a classification into short- and long-distance telerobotic systems, depending on the distance from which they are operated. Telerobotic systems are further categorized with respect to their application field. For the reviewed systems are also examined their engineering characteristics and the employed robotics technology. The current status of the field, its significance, the potential, as well as the challenges that lie ahead are thoroughly discussed.

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          Design and Kinematic Modeling of Constant Curvature Continuum Robots: A Review

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            Bilateral teleoperation: An historical survey

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              Haptic feedback in robot-assisted minimally invasive surgery.

              A Okamura (2008)
              Robot-assisted minimally invasive surgery (RMIS) holds great promise for improving the accuracy and dexterity of a surgeon and minimizing trauma to the patient. However, widespread clinical success with RMIS has been marginal. It is hypothesized that the lack of haptic (force and tactile) feedback presented to the surgeon is a limiting factor. This review explains the technical challenges of creating haptic feedback for robot-assisted surgery and provides recent results that evaluate the effectiveness of haptic feedback in mock surgical tasks. Haptic feedback systems for RMIS are still under development and evaluation. Most provide only force feedback, with limited fidelity. The major challenge at this time is sensing forces applied to the patient. A few tactile feedback systems for RMIS have been created, but their practicality for clinical implementation needs to be shown. It is particularly difficult to sense and display spatially distributed tactile information. The cost-benefit ratio for haptic feedback in RMIS has not been established. The designs of existing commercial RMIS systems are not conducive for force feedback, and creative solutions are needed to create compelling tactile feedback systems. Surgeons, engineers, and neuroscientists should work together to develop effective solutions for haptic feedback in RMIS.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                +357-25002028 , sotiris.avgousti@cut.ac.cy
                e.christoforou@ucy.ac.cy
                a.panagidis@imperial.ac.uk
                sotos.voskarides@cut.ac.cy
                cyril.novales@univ-orleans.fr
                laurence.nouaille@univ-orleans.fr
                pattichi@ucy.ac.cy
                pierre.vieyres@univ-orleans.fr
                Journal
                Biomed Eng Online
                Biomed Eng Online
                BioMedical Engineering OnLine
                BioMed Central (London )
                1475-925X
                12 August 2016
                12 August 2016
                2016
                : 15
                : 96
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Nursing Department, School of Health and Science, Cyprus University of Technology, 30 Archbishop Kyprianou Street, 3036 Limassol, Cyprus
                [2 ]Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Cyprus, 75 Kalipoleos Street, P.O.BOX 20537, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus
                [3 ]Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ UK
                [4 ]Department of Electrical Engineering, Computer Engineering and Informatics, Cyprus University of Technology, 30 Archbishop Kyprianou Street, 3036 Lemesos, Cyprus
                [5 ]Laboratoire PRISME-Universite d’Orleans, 63 Avenue de Lattre de Tassigny, 18020 Bourges, France
                [6 ]Department of Computer Science, University of Cyprus, 75 Kalipoleos Street, P.O.BOX 20537, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8427-9031
                Article
                217
                10.1186/s12938-016-0217-7
                4983067
                27520552
                6790863b-2bec-4a43-9d22-9d2e04d9180c
                © The Author(s) 2016

                Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

                History
                : 17 February 2016
                : 2 August 2016
                Categories
                Review
                Custom metadata
                © The Author(s) 2016

                Biomedical engineering
                telerobotics,telemedicine,medical robotics,surgical robotics,teleoperation,telepresence,telemanipulation,mhealth

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