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      Post hoc power analysis: is it an informative and meaningful analysis?

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          Abstract

          Power analysis is a key component for planning prospective studies such as clinical trials. However, some journals in biomedical and psychosocial sciences ask for power analysis for data already collected and analysed before accepting manuscripts for publication. In this report, post hoc power analysis for retrospective studies is examined and the informativeness of understanding the power for detecting significant effects of the results analysed, using the same data on which the power analysis is based, is scrutinised. Monte Carlo simulation is used to investigate the performance of posthoc power analysis.

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          Post hoc power analysis: an idea whose time has passed?

          Steven LeVine, Mary Ensom (2001)
          Using a hypothetical scenario typifying the experience that authors have when submitting manuscripts that report results of negative clinical trials, the pitfalls of a post hoc analysis are illustrated. We used the same scenario to explain how confidence intervals are used in interpreting results of clinical trials. We showed that confidence intervals better inform readers about the possibility of an inadequate sample size than do post hoc power calculations.
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            Power analyses for longitudinal trials and other clustered designs.

            P Crits-Christoph, X Tu, William Kowalski … (2004)
            Existing methods for power and sample size estimation for longitudinal and other clustered study designs have limited applications. In this paper, we review and extend existing approaches to improve these limitations. In particular, we focus on power analysis for the two most popular approaches for clustered data analysis, the generalized estimating equations and the linear mixed-effects models. By basing the derivation of the power function on the asymptotic distribution of the model estimates, the proposed approach provides estimates of power that are consistent with the methods of inference for data analysis. The proposed methodology is illustrated with numerous examples that are motivated by real study designs. Copyright 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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              The abuse of power: the pervasive fallacy of power calculations for data analysis

              J.M. Heonig, D.M. Heisey, JM Heonig … (2001)
              Article 0 comments Cited 4 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Gen Psychiatr
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Gen Psychiatr
                Journal ID (hwp): gpsych
                Journal ID (publisher-id): gpsych
                Title: General Psychiatry
                Publisher: BMJ Publishing Group (BMA House, Tavistock Square, London, WC1H 9JR )
                ISSN (Electronic): 2517-729X
                Publication date Collection: 2019
                Publication date (Electronic): 8 August 2019
                Volume: 32
                Issue: 4
                Electronic Location Identifier: e100069
                Affiliations
                [1 ] departmentDepartment of Family Medicine and Public Health , University of California System , Oakland, California, USA
                [2 ] Naval Health Research Center , San Diego, California, USA
                [3 ] Leidos , San Diego, California, USA
                Author notes
                [Correspondence to ] Dr Xin M Tu, Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; x2tu@ 123456ucsd.edu
                Article
                Publisher ID: gpsych-2019-100069
                DOI: 10.1136/gpsych-2019-100069
                PMC ID: 6738696
                PubMed ID: 31552383
                SO-VID: 67b9ef89-54da-437a-ba33-d6b8c48a091c
                Copyright © © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2019. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.
                License:

                This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited, appropriate credit is given, any changes made indicated, and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/.

                History
                Date received : 19 March 2019
                Date accepted : 26 March 2019
                Funding
                Funded by: National Institutes of Health，Navy Bureau of Medicine and Surgery;
                Award ID: Grant UL1TR001442 of CTSA
                Award ID: N1240
                Categories
                Subject: Biostatistical Methods in Psychiatry
                Subject: 1506
                Custom metadata
                special-feature unlocked

                Keywords: post-hoc power,retrospective study,monte carlo,simulation,continuous outcome
                Data availability:
                Keywords: post-hoc power, retrospective study, monte carlo, simulation, continuous outcome

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