Intimate partner violence and psychosocial health, a cross-sectional study in a pregnant population

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Abstract

Background

The objective of this paper is to explore whether IPV 12 months before and/or during pregnancy is associated with poor psychosocial health.

Methods

From June 2010 to October 2012, a cross-sectional study was conducted in 11 antenatal care clinics in Belgium. Consenting pregnant women were asked to complete a questionnaire on socio-demographics, psychosocial health and violence in a separate room. Overall, 2586 women were invited to participate and we were able to use data from 1894 women (73.2 %) for analysis. Ethical clearance was obtained in all participating hospitals.

Results

We found a significant correlation between IPV and poor psychosocial health: within the group of women who reported IPV, 53.2 % ( n = 118) had poor psychosocial health, as compared to 21 % ( n = 286) in the group of women who did not report IPV ( P < 0.001).

Lower psychosocial health scores were associated with increased odds of reporting IPV (aOR 1.55; 95 % CI 1.39–1.72), with adjustments made for the language in which the questionnaire was filled out, civil/marital status, education and age. In other words, a decrease of 10 points on the psychosocial health scale (total of 140) increased the odds of reporting IPV by 55 %.

When accounting for the 6 psychosocial health subscales, the analysis revealed that all subscales (depression, anxiety, self-esteem, mastery, worry and stress) are strongly correlated to reporting IPV. However, when accounting for all subscales simultaneously in a logistic regression model, only depression (aOR 0.87; 95 % CI 0.84–0.91) and stress (aOR 0.85; 95 % CI 0.77–095) remained significantly associated with IPV. The association between overall psychosocial health and IPV remained significant after adjusting for socio-demographic status.

Conclusion

Our research corroborated that IPV and psychosocial health are strongly associated. Due to the limitations of our study design, we believe that future research is needed to deepen understanding of the multitude of factors involved in the complex interactions between IPV and psychosocial health.

Electronic supplementary material

The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12884-015-0710-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Most cited references 47

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Prevalence and determinants of common perinatal mental disorders in women in low- and lower-middle-income countries: a systematic review.

Jane Fisher, Meena Cabral de Mello, Vikram Patel … (2012)

To review the evidence about the prevalence and determinants of non-psychotic common perinatal mental disorders (CPMDs) in World Bank categorized low- and lower-middle-income countries. Major databases were searched systematically for English-language publications on the prevalence of non-psychotic CPMDs and on their risk factors and determinants. All study designs were included. Thirteen papers covering 17 low- and lower-middle-income countries provided findings for pregnant women, and 34, for women who had just given birth. Data on disorders in the antenatal period were available for 9 (8%) countries, and on disorders in the postnatal period, for 17 (15%). Weighted mean prevalence was 15.6% (95% confidence interval, CI: 15.4-15.9) antenatally and 19.8% (19.5-20.0) postnatally. Risk factors were: socioeconomic disadvantage (odds ratio [OR] range: 2.1-13.2); unintended pregnancy (1.6-8.8); being younger (2.1-5.4); being unmarried (3.4-5.8); lacking intimate partner empathy and support (2.0-9.4); having hostile in-laws (2.1-4.4); experiencing intimate partner violence (2.11-6.75); having insufficient emotional and practical support (2.8-6.1); in some settings, giving birth to a female (1.8-2.6), and having a history of mental health problems (5.1-5.6). Protective factors were: having more education (relative risk: 0.5; P = 0.03); having a permanent job (OR: 0.64; 95% CI: 0.4-1.0); being of the ethnic majority (OR: 0.2; 95% CI: 0.1-0.8) and having a kind, trustworthy intimate partner (OR: 0.52; 95% CI: 0.3-0.9). CPMDs are more prevalent in low- and lower-middle-income countries, particularly among poorer women with gender-based risks or a psychiatric history.

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Intimate partner violence during pregnancy: analysis of prevalence data from 19 countries.

Karen M Devries, Sunita Kishor, Holly Johnson … (2010)

We aimed to describe the prevalence of intimate partner violence (IPV) during pregnancy across 19 countries, and examine trends across age groups and UN regions. We conducted a secondary analysis of data from the Demographic and Health Surveys (20 surveys from 15 countries) and the International Violence Against Women Surveys (4 surveys from 4 countries) carried out between 1998 and 2007. Our data suggest that intimate partner violence during a pregnancy is a common experience. The prevalence of IPV during pregnancy ranged from approximately 2.0% in Australia, Cambodia, Denmark and the Philippines to 13.5% in Uganda among ever-pregnant, ever-partnered women; half of the surveys estimated prevalence to be between 3.9 and 8.7%. Prevalence appeared to be higher in African and Latin American countries relative to the European and Asian countries surveyed. In most settings, prevalence was relatively constant in the younger age groups (age 15-35), and then appeared to decline very slightly after age 35. Intimate partner violence during pregnancy is more common than some maternal health conditions routinely screened for in antenatal care. Global initiatives to reduce maternal mortality and improve maternal health must devote increased attention to violence against women, particularly violence during pregnancy. Copyright © 2010 Reproductive Health Matters. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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Intimate partner violence victimization prior to and during pregnancy among women residing in 26 U.S. states: associations with maternal and neonatal health.

Anita Raj, Elizabeth Reed, Riva Touger-Decker … (2006)

To conduct a population-based assessment of associations of intimate partner violence in the year prior to and during pregnancy with maternal and neonatal morbidity. Data from women giving birth in 26 U.S. states and participating in the 2000 to 2003 Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (n = 118,579) were analyzed. Women reporting intimate partner violence in the year prior to pregnancy were at increased risk for high blood pressure or edema (adjusted odds ratio 1.37-1.40), vaginal bleeding (adjusted odds ratio 1.54-1.66), severe nausea, vomiting or dehydration (adjusted odds ratio 1.48-1.63), kidney infection or urinary tract infection (adjusted odds ratio 1.43-1.55), hospital visits related to such morbidity (adjusted odds ratio 1.45-1.48), and delivery preterm (adjusted odds ratio 1.37), of a low-birthweight infant (adjusted odds ratio 1.17), and an infant requiring intensive care unit care (adjusted odds ratio 1.31-1.33) compared with those not reporting intimate partner violence. Women reporting intimate partner violence during but not prior to pregnancy experienced higher rates of a subset of these concerns. Women experiencing intimate partner violence both prior to and during pregnancy are at risk for multiple poor maternal and infant health outcomes, suggesting prenatal risks to children from mothers' abusive partners.

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Author and article information

Contributors

An-Sofie Van Parys: ansofie.vanparys@ugent.be

Ellen Deschepper: ellen.deschepper@ugent.be

Kristien Michielsen: kristien.michielsen@ugent.be

Anna Galle: anna.galle@ugent.be

Kristien Roelens: kristien.roelens@ugent.be

Marleen Temmerman: marleen.temmerman@ugent.be

Hans Verstraelen: hans.verstraelen@ugent.be

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): BMC Pregnancy Childbirth

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): BMC Pregnancy Childbirth

Title: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth

Publisher: BioMed Central (London )

ISSN (Electronic): 1471-2393

Publication date (Electronic): 11 November 2015

Publication date PMC-release: 11 November 2015

Publication date Collection: 2015

Volume: 15

Electronic Location Identifier: 278

Affiliations

[ ]Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, International Centre for Reproductive Health, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, UZP 114, 9000 Ghent, Belgium

[ ]Department of Public Health, Biostatistics Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium

[ ]Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium

Article

Publisher ID: 710

DOI: 10.1186/s12884-015-0710-1

PMC ID: 4641387

PubMed ID: 26554901

SO-VID: 67de4b64-08a1-4014-8cc4-cc610b808e84

License:

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

History

Date received : 21 January 2015

Date accepted : 19 October 2015

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ScienceOpen disciplines: Obstetrics & Gynecology

Keywords: intimate partner violence,abuse,pregnancy,psychosocial health

Data availability:

ScienceOpen disciplines: Obstetrics & Gynecology

Keywords: intimate partner violence, abuse, pregnancy, psychosocial health

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Intimate partner violence and psychosocial health, a cross-sectional study in a pregnant population

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Advocacy for Maternal and Women’s Health

Most cited references 47

Prevalence and determinants of common perinatal mental disorders in women in low- and lower-middle-income countries: a systematic review.

Intimate partner violence during pregnancy: analysis of prevalence data from 19 countries.

Intimate partner violence victimization prior to and during pregnancy among women residing in 26 U.S. states: associations with maternal and neonatal health.

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