Expression of Sex Steroid Hormone Receptors in Vagal Motor Neurons Innervating the Trachea and Esophagus in Mouse

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Abstract

The medullary vagal motor nuclei, the nucleus ambiguus (NA) and dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV), innervate the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts. We conducted immunohistochemical analysis of expression of the androgen receptor (AR) and estrogen receptor α (ERα), in relation to innervation of the trachea and esophagus via vagal motor nuclei in mice. AR and ERα were expressed in the rostral NA and in part of the DMV. Tracing experiments using cholera toxin B subunit demonstrated that neurons of vagal motor nuclei that innervate the trachea and esophagus express AR and ERα. There was no difference in expression of sex steroid hormone receptors between trachea- and esophagus-innervating neurons. These results suggest that sex steroid hormones may act on vagal motor nuclei via their receptors, thereby regulating functions of the trachea and esophagus.

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Most cited references 48

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Distribution of androgen and estrogen receptor mRNA-containing cells in the rat brain: an in situ hybridization study.

R Simerly, C. Chang, M Muramatsu … (1990)

The distribution of cells that express mRNA encoding the androgen (AR) and estrogen (ER) receptors was examined in adult male and female rats by using in situ hybridization. Specific labeling appeared to be largely, if not entirely, localized to neurons. AR and ER mRNA-containing neurons were widely distributed in the rat brain, with the greatest densities of cells in the hypothalamus, and in regions of the telencephalon that provide strong inputs in the medial preoptic and ventromedial nuclei, each of which is thought to play a key role in mediating the hormonal control of copulatory behavior, as well as in the lateral septal nucleus, the medial and cortical nuclei of the amygdala, the amygdalohippocampal area, and the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis. Heavily labeled ER mRNA-containing cells were found in regions known to be involved in the neural control of gonadotropin release, such as the anteroventral periventricular and the arcuate nuclei, but only a moderate density of labeling for AR mRNA was found over these nuclei. In addition, clearly labeled cells were found in regions with widespread connections throughout the brain, including the lateral hypothalamus, intralaminar thalamic nuclei, and deep layers of the cerebral cortex, suggesting that AR and ER may modulate a wide variety of neural functions. Each part of Ammon's horn contained AR mRNA-containing cells, as did both parts of the subiculum, but ER mRNA appeared to be less abundant in the hippocampal formation. Moreover, AR and ER mRNA-containing cells were also found in olfactory regions of the cortex and in both the main and accessory olfactory bulbs. AR and ER may modulate nonolfactory sensory information as well since labeled cells were found in regions involved in the central relay of somatosensory information, including the mesencephalic nucleus of the trigeminal nerve, the ventral thalamic nuclear group, and the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. Furthermore, heavily labeled AR mRNA-containing cells were found in the vestibular nuclei, the cochlear nuclei, the medial geniculate nucleus, and the nucleus of the lateral lemniscus, which suggests that androgens may alter the central relay of vestibular and auditory information as well. However, of all the regions involved in sensory processing, the heaviest labeling for AR and ER mRNA was found in areas that relay visceral sensory information such as the nucleus of the solitary tract, the area postrema, and the subfornical organ. We did not detect ER mRNA in brainstem somatic motoneurons, but clearly labeled AR mRNA-containing cells were found in motor nuclei associated with the fifth, seventh, tenth, and twelfth cranial nerves. Similarly, spinal motoneurons contained AR but not ER mRNA.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

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Prevalence, pathogenesis, and causes of chronic cough.

Kian Fan Chung, Ian Pavord (2008)

Cough is a reflex action of the respiratory tract that is used to clear the upper airways. Chronic cough lasting for more than 8 weeks is common in the community. The causes include cigarette smoking, exposure to cigarette smoke, and exposure to environmental pollution, especially particulates. Diseases causing chronic cough include asthma, eosinophilic bronchitis, gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, postnasal drip syndrome or rhinosinusitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pulmonary fibrosis, and bronchiectasis. Doctors should always work towards a clear diagnosis, considering common and rare illnesses. In some patients, no cause is identified, leading to the diagnosis of idiopathic cough. Chronic cough is often associated with an increased response to tussive agents such as capsaicin. Plastic changes in intrinsic and synaptic excitability in the brainstem, spine, or airway nerves can enhance the cough reflex, and can persist in the absence of the initiating cough event. Structural and inflammatory airway mucosal changes in non-asthmatic chronic cough could represent the cause or the traumatic response to repetitive coughing. Effective control of cough requires not only controlling the disease causing the cough but also desensitisation of cough pathways.

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Immunolocalization of estrogen receptor beta in the mouse brain: comparison with estrogen receptor alpha.

Elena Hoskin, Donald W. Pfaff, Sonoko Ogawa … (2003)

Estrogen receptor alpha (ER alpha) and ER beta are members of the steroid nuclear receptor family that modulate gene transcription in an estrogen-dependent manner. ER mRNA and protein have been detected both peripherally and in the central nervous system, with most data having come from the rat. Here we report the development of an ER beta-selective antibody that cross-reacts with mouse, rat, and human ER beta protein and its use to determine the distribution of ER beta in the murine brain. Further, a previously characterized polyclonal antibody to ER alpha was used to compare the distribution of the two receptors in the first comprehensive description of ER distribution specifically in the mouse brain. ER beta immunoreactivity (ir) was primarily localized to cell nuclei within select regions of the brain, including the olfactory bulb, cerebral cortex, septum, preoptic area, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, amygdala, paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus, thalamus, ventral tegmental area, substantia nigra, dorsal raphe, locus coeruleus, and cerebellum. Extranuclear-ir was detected in several areas, including fibers of the olfactory bulb, CA3 stratum lucidum, and CA1 stratum radiatum of the hippocampus and cerebellum. Although both receptors were generally expressed in a similar distribution through the brain, nuclear ER alpha-ir was the predominant subtype in the hippocampus, preoptic area, and most of the hypothalamus, whereas it was sparse or absent from the cerebral cortex and cerebellum. Collectively, these findings demonstrate the region-selective expression of ER beta and ER alpha in the adult ovariectomized mouse brain. These data provide an anatomical framework for understanding the mechanisms by which estrogen regulates specific neural systems in the mouse.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Acta Histochem Cytochem

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Acta Histochem Cytochem

Journal ID (publisher-id): AHC

Title: Acta Histochemica et Cytochemica

Publisher: JAPAN SOCIETY OF HISTOCHEMISTRY AND CYTOCHEMISTRY

ISSN (Print): 0044-5991

ISSN (Electronic): 1347-5800

Publication date (Print): 27 February 2016

Publication date (Electronic): 24 February 2016

Volume: 49

Issue: 1

Pages: 37-46

Affiliations

[1 ]Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine

[2 ]Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine , Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kyoto 602–8566, Japan

[3 ]Department of Otolaryngology-Bronchoesophagology, Kyoto Second Red Cross Hospital , Kamanza-Marutamachi, Kyoto 602–8026, Japan

[4 ]Ushimado Marine Institute, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University , Ushimado, Setouchi, Okayama 701–4303, Japan

[5 ]Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Kyoto Gakuen University , 18, Gotanda-cho, Yamanouchi, Kyoto 615–8577, Japan

[6 ]School of Health Sciences, Bukkyo University , 7, Higashitoganoo-cho, Nishinokyo, Kyoto 604–8418, Japan

Author notes

Correspondence to: Ken Ichi Matsuda, Ph.D., Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602–8566, Japan. E-mail: matsuken@ 123456koto.kpu-m.ac.jp

Article

Publisher ID: JST.JSTAGE/ahc/15037 Publisher-manuscript ID: 15037

DOI: 10.1267/ahc.15037

PMC ID: 4794553

PubMed ID: 27006520

SO-VID: 67f35e3f-7efa-4690-b608-61928f1d8bc6

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This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Expression of Sex Steroid Hormone Receptors in Vagal Motor Neurons Innervating the Trachea and Esophagus in Mouse

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Most cited references 48

Distribution of androgen and estrogen receptor mRNA-containing cells in the rat brain: an in situ hybridization study.

Prevalence, pathogenesis, and causes of chronic cough.

Immunolocalization of estrogen receptor beta in the mouse brain: comparison with estrogen receptor alpha.

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