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      Efecto de la inoculación con Rhizophagus irregularis y de la fertilización fosfatada sobre la comunidad local de hongos formadores de micorrizas arbusculares Translated title: Effect of inoculation with Rhizophagus irregularis and phosphate fertilization on the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi local community

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          Abstract

          RESUMEN Los Hongos Formadores de Micorrizas Arbusculares (HFMA) son microorganismos cruciales en los suelos agrícolas por el efecto positivo que tienen sobre la movilización de uno de los nutrientes fundamentales para las plantas como es el fósforo (P). Los contenidos disponibles de P en los suelos de la Orinoquía Colombiana son bajos, por lo que la fertilización con fosfato es indispensable en cultivos comerciales como la yuca. El objetivo de este trabajo fue estudiar el efecto de la fertilización fosfatada y de la inoculación con Rhizophagus irregularis (hongo modelo de los HFMA), sobre las comunidades residentes de este grupo de hongos. La diversidad de los HFMA fue descrita a partir de las esporas presentes en la rizósfera de plantas de yuca mantenidas bajo condiciones agronómicas tradicionales. La riqueza y diversidad de las comunidades de HFMA se afectaron por la interacción de los factores analizados. En términos de estructura de la comunidad de HFMA en la rizósfera de las plantas de yuca, se detectaron cambios en la abundancia de los géneros Glomus y Acaulospora; asociados respectivamente a la inoculación y a la fertilización fosfatada. Los hallazgos de este estudio sugieren que prácticas agrícolas como la aplicación de fertilizante fosfatado y la inoculación con R. irregularis, son procesos que pueden afectar el ensamblaje de la comunidad de estos hongos, así también la diversidad de las comunidades de HFMA nativas en suelos de la Orinoquía Colombiana. Se requieren investigaciones adicionales para entender la relación entre la composición de las comunidades de HFMA y la respuesta de la planta hospedera.

          Translated abstract

          ABSTRACT Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) are important microorganisms in agricultural soils because of their positive effect on plant acquisition of phosphorus (P); one of the fundamental nutrients for plants. Available P in the soils of the Colombian Orinoquía are low, so phosphate fertilization is necessary in crops such as cassava. The objective of this work was to study the effect of phosphate fertilization and inoculation with Rhizophagus irregularis (the model AMF species), on the resident AMF communities. The AMF diversity was described by morphological and molecular techniques from the spores present in the rhizosphere of cassava plants maintained under traditional agronomic conditions. The richness and diversity of the AMF communities were affected by the experimental treatments AMF inoculation and P fertilization. Changes in abundance were detected in the genera Glomus and Acaulospora. This was significantly influenced by inoculation and phosphate fertilization. The findings of this study suggest that the use of phosphate fertilizer and the application of R. irregularis in agricultural processes affect the biodiversity of native AMF communities in soils of the Colombian Orinoquía. Further research is required to understand the relationship between AMF community composition and host plant response.

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          Evolutionary history of mycorrhizal symbioses and global host plant diversity

          Contents Summary 1108 I. Introduction 1108 II. Mycorrhizal plant diversity at global and local scales 1108 III. Mycorrhizal evolution in plants: a brief update 1111 IV. Conclusions and perspectives 1114 References 1114 SUMMARY: The majority of vascular plants are mycorrhizal: 72% are arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM), 2.0% are ectomycorrhizal (EcM), 1.5% are ericoid mycorrhizal and 10% are orchid mycorrhizal. Just 8% are completely nonmycorrhizal (NM), whereas 7% have inconsistent NM-AM associations. Most NM and NM-AM plants are nutritional specialists (e.g. carnivores and parasites) or habitat specialists (e.g. hydrophytes and epiphytes). Mycorrhizal associations are consistent in most families, but there are exceptions with complex roots (e.g. both EcM and AM). We recognize three waves of mycorrhizal evolution, starting with AM in early land plants, continuing in the Cretaceous with multiple new NM or EcM linages, ericoid and orchid mycorrhizas. The third wave, which is recent and ongoing, has resulted in root complexity linked to rapid plant diversification in biodiversity hotspots.
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            Improved PCR primers for the detection and identification of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi.

            A set of PCR primers that should amplify all subgroups of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF, Glomeromycota), but exclude sequences from other organisms, was designed to facilitate rapid detection and identification directly from field-grown plant roots. The small subunit rRNA gene was targeted for the new primers (AML1 and AML2) because phylogenetic relationships among the Glomeromycota are well understood for this gene. Sequence comparisons indicate that the new primers should amplify all published AMF sequences except those from Archaeospora trappei. The specificity of the new primers was tested using 23 different AMF spore morphotypes from trap cultures and Miscanthus sinensis, Glycine max and Panax ginseng roots sampled from the field. Non-AMF DNA of 14 plants, 14 Basidiomycota and 18 Ascomycota was also tested as negative controls. Sequences amplified from roots using the new primers were compared with those obtained using the established NS31 and AM1 primer combination. The new primers have much better specificity and coverage of all known AMF groups.
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              Ploughing up the wood-wide web?

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                bsaa
                Biotecnología en el Sector Agropecuario y Agroindustrial
                Rev.Bio.Agro
                Taller Editorial Universidad del Cauca (Popayán, Cauca, Colombia )
                1692-3561
                December 2021
                : 19
                : 2
                : 184-200
                Affiliations
                [4] Lausanne Vaud orgnameUniversity of Lausanne orgdiv1Departamento de Ecología y Evolución orgdiv2Grupo de investigación en ecología y evolución de organismos simbiontes Switzerland
                [2] Bogotá orgnameUniversidad Nacional de Colombia orgdiv1Facultad de Ciencias orgdiv2Grupo de investigación Microbiología Agrícola Colombia
                [1] Bogotá orgnameUniversidad Nacional de Colombia orgdiv1Facultad de Ciencias orgdiv2Grupo de investigación Microbiología Agrícola Colombia
                [3] Bogotá orgnameUniversidad Nacional de Colombia orgdiv1Facultad de Ciencias orgdiv2Grupo de investigación Microbiología Agrícola Colombia
                Article
                S1692-35612021000200184 S1692-3561(21)01900200184
                10.18684/bsaa.v19.n2.2021.1850
                685d160a-d38e-4133-845d-e801937978a2

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 21 April 2021
                : 10 February 2021
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 62, Pages: 17
                Product

                SciELO Colombia

                Self URI: Texto completo solamente en formato PDF (ES)
                Categories
                Artículos Originales

                Spores,Biofertilizers,Sustainable Agriculture,AMF Communities,Inoculation,Phosphorus Fertilization,Manihot esculenta,Diversity,Rhizophagus irregularis,Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF),Esporas,Biofertilizantes,Agricultura sostenible,Comunidades de HFMA,Inoculación,Fertilización Fosfatada,Diversidad,Hongos Formadores de Micorrizas Arbusculares (HFMA)

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