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      CONCURRENT TRAINING AND TAURINE IMPROVE LIPID PROFILE IN POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN Translated title: ENTRENAMIENTO CONCURRIDO JUNTO CON TAURINA MEJORA PERFIL LIPÍDICO EN MUJERES POSMENOPÁUSICAS Translated title: TREINAMENTO CONCORRENTE E TAURINA MELHORAM PERFIL LIPÍDICO EM MULHERES PÓS MENOPAUSA

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          Abstract

          ABSTRACT Introduction: Taurine plays an important role in metabolism and can positively influence body composition, since it is believed that in appropriate concentrations this amino acid (AA) can reduce perceived exertion, thereby delaying the onset of fatigue; however, the effect of this AA combined with concurrent training in postmenopausal women is unknown. Objective: To analyze the effects of concurrent training (aerobic+resistance) and taurine supplementation on the metabolic profile of postmenopausal women. Methods: Forty-three postmenopausal women were randomly divided into the following groups: Control (C [N=13]), Taurine (T [N = 8]), Taurine+Exercise (TE [N=13]), and Placebo+Exercise (E [N=9]). The supplemented groups received capsules corresponding to a daily taurine intake of 1.5 g. Concurrent training (CT) took place three times a week and consisted of 50 minutes of resistance training and 30 minutes of aerobic training. Body composition was assessed using DXA, in addition to biochemical profile analysis: triglycerides, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. The intervention period lasted for eight weeks. Statistical significance was set at 5%. Results: The TE group presented a statistical reduction in terms of relative change in the percentage of total body fat (%) (−4.1±3.0) and trunk fat (%) (−4.4±3.9), with greater lean body mass (kg) gain (3.9±2.5) when compared to groups C (0.3±3.7, p=0.005; 0.8±4.3, p=0.024; −1.1±3.1, p<0.001; respectively) and T (1.2±3.4, p=0.004; 1.6±5.4, p=0.023; −1.2±2.9; p=0.002; respectively). The TE group presented a greater percentage reduction of total cholesterol (−5.8±7.1 mg/dl) when compared to group T (11.5±19.1 mg/dl). The TE group presented a significant decrease in LDL-c (−13.6±9.2 mg/dl) compared to groups C (3.5±13.9 mg/dl, p=0.014) and T (9.9±24.3 mg/dl, p=0.027). Conclusion: The combination of concurrent training and taurine supplementation promoted a reduction in total cholesterol and LDL-c levels in postmenopausal women. Level of Evidence I; Study type: Randomized clinical study.

          Translated abstract

          RESUMEN Introducción: La taurina desempeña un papel importante en el metabolismo y puede influenciar positivamente la composición corporal, ya que en la concentración apropiada este aminoácido puede disminuir la percepción de esfuerzo y retrasar la aparición de la fatiga; sin embargo, el efecto de este aminoácido combinado con el entrenamiento concurrente (EC) es desconocido en mujeres posmenopáusicas. Objetivo: Analizar los efectos del EC (aeróbico+resistencia) y de la suplementación con taurina en este perfil metabólico de mujeres posmenopáusicas. Métodos: Se evaluaron 43 mujeres posmenopáusicas que se dividieron aleatoriamente en los siguientes grupos: Control (C [N = 13]), Taurina (T [N = 8]), Taurina+Ejercicio (TE [N = 13]), Placebo+Ejercicio (E [N = 9]). Los grupos suplementados con taurina recibieron 1,5 gramos/día de esta sustancia. El EC ocurrió tres veces por semana (50 minutos de entrenamiento resistido y 30 minutos de entrenamiento aeróbico). La composición corporal fue realizada por medio del DXA; además, se analizaron el perfil bioquímico con dosificaciones de triglicéridos, colesterol total (CT), colesterol de lipoproteína de baja densidad (LDL-c) y colesterol de lipoproteína de alta densidad (HDL-c). La intervención tuvo duración de ocho semanas. Resultados: El grupo TE presentó reducción porcentual significativa de la grasa corporal total (−4,1 ± 3,0) y grasa del tronco (−4,4 ± 3,9) y mayores ganancias de masa corporal magra (3,9 ± 2,5) en comparación al Grupo C (0,3 ± 3,7, p = 0,005, 0,8 ± 4,3, p = 0,024, −1,1 ± 3,1, p <0,001, respectivamente) y al Grupo T (1,2 ± 3,4, p = 0,004; 1,6 ± 5,4, p = 0,023; −1,2 ± 2,9; p = 0,002; respectivamente). El Grupo TE presentó mayores reducciones del CT (−5,8 ± 7,1 mg/dl) en comparación con el Grupo T (11,5 ± 19,1 mg/dl). El Grupo TE presentó una significativa reducción del LDL-c (−13,6 ± 9,2 mg/dl) en comparación con el Grupo C (3,5 ± 13,9 mg / dl, p = 0,014) y el Grupo T (9,9 ± 24,3 mg / dl, p = 0,027). Conclusión: La asociación de EC y suplementación con taurina promovió reducción de los niveles de colesterol total y LDL-c en mujeres posmenopáusicas. Nivel de evidencia I; Tipo de Estudio: Estudio clínico aleatorizado.

          Translated abstract

          RESUMO Introdução: A taurina desempenha um papel importante no metabolismo e pode influenciar positivamente a composição corporal, uma vez que, na concentração apropriada, este aminoácido pode diminuir a percepção de esforço e retardar o aparecimento da fadiga; entretanto, o efeito desse aminoácido combinado com o treinamento concorrente (TC) é desconhecido em mulheres pós-menopausa. Objetivo: Analisar os efeitos do TC (aeróbico+resistência) e da suplementação com taurina nesse perfil metabólico de mulheres pós menopausa. Métodos: Foram avaliadas 43 mulheres pós-menopausa que foram divididas randomicamente nos seguintes grupos: Controle (C [N = 13]), Taurina (T [N = 8]), Taurina+Exercício (TE [N = 13]) e Placebo+Exercício (E [N = 9]). Os grupos suplementados com taurina receberam cápsulas e consumiram 1,5 gramas/dia dessa substância. O TC aconteceu três vezes por semana (50 minutos de treinamento resistido e 30 minutos de treinamento aeróbico). A avaliação da composição corporal foi realizada por meio do DXA; além disso, foram analisados o perfil bioquímico com dosagem de triglicérides, colesterol total (CT), colesterol de lipoproteína de baixa densidade (LDL-c) e colesterol de lipoproteína de alta densidade (HDL-c). A intervenção teve duração de oito semanas. Resultados: O grupo TE apresentou redução percentual significativa da gordura corporal total (−4,1 ± 3,0) e gordura de tronco (−4,4 ± 3,9) e maiores ganhos da massa corporal magra (3,9 ± 2,5) em comparação ao grupo C (0,3 ± 3,7, p = 0,005; 0,8 ± 4,3, p = 0,024; −1,1 ± 3,1, p <0,001; respectivamente) e ao grupo T (1,2 ± 3,4, p = 0,004; 1,6 ± 5,4, p = 0,023; −1,2 ± 2,9; p = 0,002; respectivamente). O grupo TE apresentou maiores reduções do CT (−5,8 ± 7,1 mg/dl) em comparação ao grupo T (11,5 ± 19,1 mg/dl). O grupo TE apresentou significativa redução do LDL-c (−13,6 ± 9,2 mg/dl) em comparação ao grupo C (3,5 ± 13,9 mg/dl, p = 0,014) e ao grupo T (9,9 ± 24,3 mg/dl, p = 0,027). Conclusão: A associação TC e suplementação com taurina promoveu redução dos níveis de colesterol total e LDL-c em mulheres pós-menopausa. Nível de Evidência I; Tipo de Estudo: Estudo clínico randomizado.

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          Anti-inflammatory effect of exercise training in subjects with type 2 diabetes and the metabolic syndrome is dependent on exercise modalities and independent of weight loss.

          We investigated the effect of different exercise modalities on high sensitivity-C reactive protein (hs-CRP) and other inflammatory markers in patients with type 2 diabetes and the metabolic syndrome. Eighty-two patients were randomized into 4 groups: sedentary control (A); receiving counseling to perform low-intensity physical activity (B); performing prescribed and supervised high-intensity aerobic (C) or aerobic+resistance (D) exercise (with the same caloric expenditure) for 12 months. Evaluation of leisure-time physical activity and assessment of physical fitness, cardiovascular risk factors and inflammatory biomarkers was performed at baseline and every 3 months. Volume of physical activity increased and HbA(1c) decreased in Groups B-D. VO(2max), HOMA-IR index, HDL-cholesterol, waist circumference and albuminuria improved in Groups C and D, whereas strength and flexibility improved only in Group D. Levels of hs-CRP decreased in all three exercising groups, but the reduction was significant only in Groups C and D, and particularly in Group D. Changes in VO(2max) and the exercise modalities were strong predictors of hs-CRP reduction, independent of body weight. Leptin, resistin and interleukin-6 decreased, whereas adiponectin increased in Groups C and D. Interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α and interferon-γ decreased, whereas anti-inflammatory interleukin-4 and 10 increased only in Group D. Physical exercise in type 2 diabetic patients with the metabolic syndrome is associated with a significant reduction of hs-CRP and other inflammatory and insulin resistance biomarkers, independent of weight loss. Long-term high-intensity (preferably mixed) training, in addition to daytime physical activity, is required to obtain a significant anti-inflammatory effect. Copyright © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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            The effects of Red Bull Energy Drink on human performance and mood

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              Taurine supplementation reduces oxidative stress and improves cardiovascular function in an iron-overload murine model.

              Iron overload has an increasing worldwide prevalence and is associated with significant cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Elevated iron levels in the myocardium lead to impaired systolic and diastolic function and elevated oxidative stress. Taurine accounts for 25% to 50% of the amino acid pool in myocardium, possesses antioxidant properties, and can inhibit L-type Ca2+ channels. Thus, we hypothesized that this agent would reduce the cardiovascular effects of iron overload. Iron-overloaded mice were generated by intraperitoneal injection of iron either chronically (5 days per week for 13 weeks) or subacutely (5 days per week for 4 weeks). Iron overload causes increased mortality, elevated oxidative stress, systolic and diastolic dysfunction, hypotension, and bradycardia. Taurine supplementation increased myocardial taurine levels by 45% and led to reductions in mortality and improved cardiac function, heart rate, and blood pressure in iron-overloaded mice. Histological examination of the myocardium revealed reduced apoptosis and interstitial fibrosis in iron-overloaded mice supplemented with taurine. Taurine mediated reduced oxidative stress in iron-overloaded mice along with attenuation of myocardial lipid peroxidation and protection of reduced glutathione level. These results demonstrate that treatment with taurine reduces iron-mediated myocardial oxidative stress, preserves cardiovascular function, and improves survival in iron-overloaded mice. The role of taurine in protecting reduced glutathione levels provides an important mechanism by which oxidative stress-induced myocardial damage can be curtailed. Taurine, as a dietary supplement, represents a potential new therapeutic agent to reduce the cardiovascular burden from iron-overload conditions.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
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                Journal
                rbme
                Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte
                Rev Bras Med Esporte
                Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina do Exercício e do Esporte (São Paulo, SP, Brazil )
                1517-8692
                1806-9940
                April 2019
                : 25
                : 2
                : 121-126
                Affiliations
                [1] São Paulo orgnameUniversidade Estadual Paulista orgdiv1Department of Physical Education orgdiv2Post-Graduate Program in Movement Sciences Brazil
                [4] Presidente Prudente São Paulo orgnameUniversidade do Oeste Paulista Brazil
                [3] São Paulo São Paulo orgnameUniversidade de São Paulo orgdiv1Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas orgdiv2Department of Cell and Developmental Biology Brazil
                [5] Presidente Prudente orgnameUniversidade Estadual Paulista orgdiv1Post-Graduate Program in Physiotherapy Brazil
                [2] Teresina Piauí orgnameUniversidade Federal do Piauí orgdiv1Department of Physical Education orgdiv2Immunometabolism of the skeletal muscle and of the exercise research group Brazil
                Article
                S1517-86922019000200121
                10.1590/1517-869220192502196932
                68ada619-ac04-4353-b8f6-23bfe14bd005

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 29 April 2018
                : 28 November 2018
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 30, Pages: 6
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Original Articles

                Body composition,Resistance training,Metabolism,Composición corporal,Entrenamiento de resistencia,Metabolismo,Composição corporal,Treinamento de resistência

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