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      Efectos de la rapamicina en los procesos de senescencia y autofagia en líneas celulares humanas Translated title: Rapamycin effect on senescence and autophagy processes in human cell lines

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          Abstract

          Tanto la autofagia como la senescencia celular son procesos que, en principio, evitan el desarrollo tumoral impidiendo la proliferación de células dañadas. Sin embargo, la autofagia no siempre lleva a la muerte celular, sino que puede ser un mecanismo de supervivencia en condiciones de estrés. En cuanto a la senescencia, si bien las células no proliferan, producen factores de crecimiento que contribuyen a la proliferación de células vecinas. La rapamicina es un conocido inmunosupresor utilizado en pacientes con transplantes de órganos, que inhibe la cascada de transducción de señal mTOR, principal vía que censa el estado energético y nutricional de la célula, permite la síntesis de proteínas e inhibe la autofagia cuando se encuentra activa. En este trabajo se investigó la acción de rapamicina sobre estos procesos y encontramos que a dosis bajas es capaz de inducir la senescencia de una línea celular normal y a dosis altas la autofagia en una línea celular transformada. También se determinó que el oncogén RAC3 es inhibitorio de la autofagia y su expresión es inhibida por rapamicina. Estos resultados constituyen un aporte al conocimiento de los mecanismos moleculares por los cuales este fármaco puede actuar, dado que actualmente se ha focalizado el interés en su aplicación a terapias anti-tumorales.

          Translated abstract

          Autophagy and senescence are both processes that firstly avoid tumor development through the inhibition of proliferation of damaged cells. However, autophagy does not imply cell death, because it is also a mechanism of cell survival under stress conditions. Concerning senescence, although these cells do not proliferate, they produce growth factors that contribute to the proliferative response of other cells. Rapamycin is an immunosupressor used in transplanted patients that inhibits the mTOR transduction signal pathway. This pathway is involved in the control of the energetic and nutritional state of the cell allowing protein synthesis and inhibiting autophagy when it is active. In this paper, the action of rapamycin over these processes was investigated and we found that a low concentration of this drug induces the senescence of a normal cell line, while a higher concentration induces autophagy of a transformed cell line. We have also determined that the oncogen RAC3 inhibits autophagy and that its expression is diminished by rapamycin. Therefore, our results contribute to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms by which this drug is effective, given the relevance of rapamycin for potential tumor therapy.

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          Most cited references16

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          SRC-3/AIB1: transcriptional coactivator in oncogenesis.

          Steroid receptor coactivator-3 (SRC-3, also known as NCoA3, AIB1, p/CIP, RAC3, ACTR, and TRAM1), localized on a frequently amplified region, 20q12, has been associated with multiple cancers, including breast, gastric and prostate cancers. Although SRC-3 has been implicated as an oncogene, compelling evidence has only recently emerged implicating it as a causal factor in the genesis of human cancers. Here, we summarize recent evidence that indicates aberrant SRC-3 expression is important in hormone-sensitive and -insensitive human cancers.
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            RAC-3 is a NF-κB coactivator

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              Senescence, apoptosis or autophagy?: When a damaged cell must decide its path--a mini-review

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                medba
                Medicina (Buenos Aires)
                Medicina (B. Aires)
                Fundación Revista Medicina (Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires )
                1669-9106
                June 2011
                : 71
                : 3
                : 238-242
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidad de Buenos Aires Argentina
                [2 ] Universidad de Buenos Aires Argentina
                [3 ] Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas Argentina
                Article
                S0025-76802011000500007
                68c5aacf-799a-455c-852c-8903041bb047

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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                SciELO Argentina

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.org.ar/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0025-7680&lng=en
                Categories
                MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL

                Internal medicine
                Rapamycin,Autophagy,Senescence,MTOR,Rapamicina,Autofagia,Senescencia
                Internal medicine
                Rapamycin, Autophagy, Senescence, MTOR, Rapamicina, Autofagia, Senescencia

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