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      The first discovery of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus in Taiwan

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          ABSTRACT

          Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS), an emerging tick-borne zoonosis, has been rapidly spread in many Asian counties since 2010, which raises the great concern in East Asia. Nevertheless, the infection status of SFTS in Taiwan remains unclear. To investigate the existence of SFTSV in Taiwan, a total of 151 serum samples collected from 31 sheep, 63 bovine and 57 dogs were enrolled this study. Furthermore, 360 adult female Rhipicephalus microplus were also included. One-step RT-nested PCR and IgG ELISA were conducted to test SFTSV specific RNA and antibodies, respectively. The result provided the first evidence of the existence of SFTSV RNA and antibodies in ruminants and ticks in Taiwan.

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          Clinical progress and risk factors for death in severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome patients.

          Zhong-Tao Gai, Ying. Zhang, Mi-Fang Liang … (2012)
          Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging infectious disease caused by the SFTS virus (SFTSV) with an average fatality rate of 12%. The clinical factors for death in SFTS patients remain unclear. Clinical features and laboratory parameters were dynamically collected for 11 fatal and 48 non-fatal SFTS cases. Univariate logistic regression was used to evaluate the risk factors associated with death. Dynamic tracking of laboratory parameters revealed that during the initial fever stage, the viral load was comparable for the patients who survived as well as the ones that died. Then in the second stage when multi-organ dysfunction occurred, from 7-13 days after disease onset, the viral load decreased in survivors but it remained high in the patients that died. The key risk factors that contributed to patient death were elevated serum aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase, and creatine kinase fraction, as well as the appearance of CNS (central nervous system) symptoms, hemorrhagic manifestation, disseminated intravascular coagulation, and multi-organ failure. All clinical markers reverted to normal in the convalescent stage for SFTS patients who survived. We identified a period of 7-13 days after the onset of illness as the critical stage in SFTS progression. A sustained serum viral load may indicate that disease conditions will worsen and lead to death.
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            Systematic review of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome:virology, epidemiology, and clinical characteristics

            Shelan Liu, Chengliang Chai, Chengmin Wang … (2013)
            Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) was firstly discovered in China in 2010, followed by several reports from many other countries worldwide. SFTS virus (SFTSV) has been identified as the causative agent of the disease and has been recognized as a public health threat. This novel Bunyavirus belongs to the Phlebovirus genus in the family Bunyaviridae. This review also describes the different aspects of virology, pathogenesis, epidemiology, and clinical symptoms on the basis of the published article surveillance data and phylogenetic analyses of viral sequences of large, medium, and small segments retrieved from database using mega 5.05, simplot 3.5.1, network 4.611, and epi information system 3.5.3 software. SFTS presents with fever, thrombocytopenia, leukocytopenia, and considerable changes in several serum biomarkers. The disease has 10 ∼ 15% mortality rate, commonly because of multiorgan dysfunction. SFTSV is mainly reported in the rural areas of Central and North-Eastern China, with seasonal occurrence from May to September, mainly targeting those of ≥50 years of age. A wide range of domesticated animals, including sheep, goats, cattle, pigs, dogs, and chickens have been proven seropositive for SFTSV. Ticks, especially Haemaphysalis longicornis, are suspected to be the potential vector, which have a broad animal host range in the world. More studies are needed to elucidate the vector–animal–human ecological cycle, the pathogenic mechanisms in high level animal models and vaccine development. © 2013 The Authors. Reviews in Medical Virology published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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              Current status of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome in China.

              Jianbo Zhan, Qin Wang, Jing Cheng … (2017)
              Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging infectious disease caused by SFTS virus (SFTSV). SFTSV is associated with a high mortality rate and has been reported in China, South Korea and Japan. SFTSV undergoes rapid changes owing to evolution, gene mutations, and reassortment between different strains of SFTSV. In this review, we summarize the recent cases and general properties of SFTS, focusing on the epidemiology, genetic diversity, clinical features, and diagnostics of SFTSV in China. From 2010 to October 2016, SFTS cases were reported in 23 provinces of China, with increased numbers yearly. Infection and death cases are mainly found in central China, where the Haemaphysalis longicornis ticks are spread. The national average mortality rate of SFTS infection was 5.3%, with higher risk to elder people. The main epidemic period was from May to July, with a peak in May. Thus, SFTS reminds a significant public health problem, and development of prophylactic vaccines and effective antiviral drugs will be highly needed.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Emerg Microbes Infect
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Emerg Microbes Infect
                Journal ID (publisher-id): TEMI
                Journal ID (publisher-id): temi20
                Title: Emerging Microbes & Infections
                Publisher: Taylor & Francis
                ISSN (Electronic): 2222-1751
                Publication date Collection: 2020
                Publication date (Electronic): 10 January 2020
                Volume: 9
                Issue: 1
                Pages: 148-151
                Affiliations
                [a ]College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University , Taichung, Taiwan
                [b ]National Institute of Infectious Disease , Tokyo, Japan
                [c ]Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University , Yamaguchi, Japan
                [d ]Department of Entomology, National Chung Hsing University , Taichung, Taiwan
                Author notes
                [CONTACT ] Wei-Li Hsu wlhsu@ 123456dragon.nchu.edu.tw
                [*]

                These authors have equal contribution to this study.

                Supplemental data for this article can be accessed at https://doi.org/10.1080/22221751.2019.1710436.

                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1392-163X
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4622-2552
                Article
                Publisher ID: 1710436
                DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2019.1710436
                PMC ID: 6968498
                PubMed ID: 31918622
                SO-VID: 69a38056-77d7-4a8a-a74a-f92fabb619b9
                Copyright © © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group, on behalf of Shanghai Shangyixun Cultural Communication Co., Ltd
                License:

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Date received : 02 December 2019
                Date revision received : 22 December 2019
                Date accepted : 23 December 2019
                Page count
                Figures: 1, Tables: 1, Equations: 0, References: 13, Pages: 4
                Funding
                Funded by: Ministry of Education Republic of China (Taiwan) 10.13039/100010002
                Award ID: 108S0803D
                This study was partially funded by the Featured Areas Research Centre Program within the framework of the Higher Education Sprout Project by the Ministry of Education Republic of China (Taiwan) [grant number 108S0803D]. The funders had no role in study design, data collection, and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
                Categories
                Subject: Letter

                Keywords: severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus,first discovery in taiwan,ticks,sheep,bovine,public health
                Data availability:
                Keywords: severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus, first discovery in taiwan, ticks, sheep, bovine, public health

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