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      The effects of probiotics in lactose intolerance: A systematic review

      Author(s): 1 , 1
      Publication date Created:
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      Journal: Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition
      Publisher: Informa UK Limited

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          Abstract

          <p class="first" id="d3896258e57">Over 60 percent of the human population has a reduced ability to digest lactose due to low levels of lactase enzyme activity. Probiotics are live bacteria or yeast that supplements the gastrointestinal flora. Studies have shown that probiotics exhibit various health beneficial properties such as improvement of intestinal health, enhancement of the immune responses, and reduction of serum cholesterol. Accumulating evidence has shown that probiotic bacteria in fermented and unfermented milk products can be used to alleviate the clinical symptoms of lactose intolerance (LI). In this systematic review, the effectiveness of probiotics in the treatment of LI was evaluated using 15 randomized double-blind studies. Eight probiotic strains with the greatest number of proven benefits were studied. Results showed varying degrees of efficacy but an overall positive relationship between probiotics and lactose intolerance. </p>

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          Probiotic Mechanisms of Action

          Miriam Bermudez-Brito, Julio Plaza-Díaz, Sergio Muñoz-Quezada … (2012)
          Probiotics are live microorganisms that provide health benefits to the host when ingested in adequate amounts. The strains most frequently used as probiotics include lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria. Probiotics have demonstrated significant potential as therapeutic options for a variety of diseases, but the mechanisms responsible for these effects have not been fully elucidated yet. Several important mechanisms underlying the antagonistic effects of probiotics on various microorganisms include the following: modification of the gut microbiota, competitive adherence to the mucosa and epithelium, strengthening of the gut epithelial barrier and modulation of the immune system to convey an advantage to the host. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that probiotics communicate with the host by pattern recognition receptors, such as toll-like receptors and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein-like receptors, which modulate key signaling pathways, such as nuclear factor-ĸB and mitogen-activated protein kinase, to enhance or suppress activation and influence downstream pathways. This recognition is crucial for eliciting measured antimicrobial responses with minimal inflammatory tissue damage. A clear understanding of these mechanisms will allow for appropriate probiotic strain selection for specific applications and may uncover novel probiotic functions. The goal of this systematic review was to explore probiotic modes of action focusing on how gut microbes influence the host.
          Article 0 comments Cited 346 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Lactose intolerance: diagnosis, genetic, and clinical factors

            Rejane Mattar, Daniel Ferraz de Campos Mazo, Flair Carrilho (2012)
            Most people are born with the ability to digest lactose, the major carbohydrate in milk and the main source of nutrition until weaning. Approximately 75% of the world’s population loses this ability at some point, while others can digest lactose into adulthood. This review discusses the lactase-persistence alleles that have arisen in different populations around the world, diagnosis of lactose intolerance, and its symptomatology and management.
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              Probiotic bacteria down-regulate the milk-induced inflammatory response in milk-hypersensitive subjects but have an immunostimulatory effect in healthy subjects.

              E.-M. Lilius, J Nuutila, E Isolauri … (1998)
              Probiotic bacteria can influence immune responses both specifically by stimulating antibody production and nonspecifically by enhancing phagocytosis of pathogens and modifying cytokine production. The authors hypothesized that probiotic bacteria can alleviate hypersensitivity by influencing phagocytes. The modulation of phagocytes may be different in healthy subjects compared with hypersensitive subjects. In a double-blind, cross-over study, challenges with milk in milk-hypersensitive and healthy adults with or without an intestinal bacterial strain, Lactobacillus GG (ATCC 53103) were performed. The challenge-induced immunoinflammatory response was recorded by measuring the expression of phagocytosis receptors prior to and after the challenge using flow cytometry. In milk-hypersensitive subjects, milk challenge increased significantly the expression of CR1, FcgammaRI and FcalphaR in neutrophils and CR1, CR3 and FcalphaR in monocytes. Milk with Lactobacillus GG prevented the increase of the receptor expression. In healthy subjects, milk challenge did not influence receptor expression while milk with Lactobacillus GG increased significantly the expression of CR1, CR3, FcgammaRIII and FcalphaR in neutrophils. Probiotic bacteria appear to modulate the nonspecific immune response differently in healthy and hypersensitive subjects. This is seen as an immunostimulatory effect in healthy subjects, and as a down-regulation of immunoinflammatory response in milk-hypersensitive subjects.
              Article 0 comments Cited 42 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Title: Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition
                Abbreviated Title: Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition
                Publisher: Informa UK Limited
                ISSN (Print): 1040-8398
                ISSN (Electronic): 1549-7852
                Publication date Created: February 09 2018
                Publication date (Electronic): February 09 2018
                Pages: 1-9
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
                Article
                DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1425977
                PubMed ID: 29425071
                SO-VID: 6a01ab80-c857-4933-8457-81c5d4e358f3
                Copyright © © 2018
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