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      In Vitro Macrophage Nitric Oxide and Interleukin-1 Beta Suppression by Moringa peregrina Seed

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          Abstract

          Objectives:

          Moringa peregrina has long been used in folk medicine to treat diseases including fever, headache, burns, constipation, gut pains, and inflammation. Nitric oxide (NO) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) play an important role in the pathophysiology of inflammation. The objectives of this study were to determine the effect of M. peregrina seed ethanolic extract (MPSE) on the viability of and NO and IL-1β production by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated macrophage (J774A.1) cell line.

          Materials and Methods:

          The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5 diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay was used to determine the cytotoxic effect of MPSE treatment at concentrations ranging from 31.15 to 1000 μg/mL. The NO concentration was determined by Griess assay and IL-1β proinflammatory cytokine concentration by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in the supernatant of MPSE-treated LPS-activated J774A.1 cell culture.

          Results:

          The results show that the MPSE was not cytotoxic at 1000 μg/mL but significantly (p<0.001) inhibited NO and IL-1β production by the LPS-activated macrophage J774A.1 cells.

          Conclusion:

          These findings suggest that M. peregrina seed extract can be used to treat and prevent inflammatory diseases through the inhibition of inflammatory mediators.

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          Curcumin alleviates macrophage activation and lung inflammation induced by influenza virus infection through inhibiting the NF‐κB signaling pathway

          Yiming Xu, Ling Liu (2017)
          Background Influenza A viruses (IAV) result in severe public health problems with worldwide each year. Overresponse of immune system to IAV infection leads to complications, and ultimately causing morbidity and mortality. Objective Curcumin has been reported to have anti‐inflammatory ability. However, its molecular mechanism in immune responses remains unclear. Methods We detected the pro‐inflammatory cytokine secretion and nuclear factor kappa‐light‐chain‐enhancer of activated B cell (NF‐κB)‐related protein expression in human macrophages or mice infected by IAV with or without curcumin treatment. Results We found that the IAV infection caused a dramatic enhancement of pro‐inflammatory cytokine productions of human macrophages and mice immune cells. However, curcumin treatment after IAV infection downregulated these cytokines production in a dose‐dependent manner. Moreover, the NF‐κB has been activated in human macrophages after IAV infection, while administration of curcumin inhibited NF‐κB signaling pathway via promoting the expression of nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B‐cells inhibitor, alpha (IκBα), and inhibiting the translocation of p65 from cytoplasm to nucleus. Conclusions In summary, IAV infection could result in the inflammatory responses of immune cells, especially macrophages. Curcumin has the therapeutic potentials to relieve these inflammatory responses through inhibiting the NF‐κB signaling pathway.
          Article 0 comments Cited 46 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Effects of Panax ginseng on Tumor Necrosis Factor-α-Mediated Inflammation: A Mini-Review

            Davy Lee, Allan Lau (2011)
            Panax ginseng is one of the most commonly used Chinese medicines in China, Asia and Western countries. The beneficial effects of ginseng have been attributed to the biological activities of its constituents, the ginsenosides. In this review, we summarize recent publications on the anti-inflammatory effects of ginseng extracts and ginsenosides on cellular responses triggered by different inducers including endotoxin, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interferon-gamma and other stimuli. Proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, adhesion molecules and mediators of inflammation including inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase-2 and nitric oxide orchestrate the inflammatory response. Ginseng extracts and ginsenosides including Rb1, Rd, Rg1, Rg3, Rh1, Rh2, Rh3 and Rp1 have been reported to have anti-inflammatory properties in different studies related to inflammation. Ginsenosides inhibit different inducers-activated signaling protein kinases and transcription factor nuclear factor-kappaB leading to decreases in the production of cytokines and mediators of inflammation. The therapeutic potential of ginseng on TNF-α-mediated inflammatory diseases is also discussed. Taken together, this summary provides evidences for the anti-inflammatory effects of ginseng extracts and ginsenosides as well as the underlying mechanisms of their effects on inflammatory diseases.
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              Inhibition of nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide-activated RAW 264.7 macrophages by Jeju plant extracts

              Eun Yang, Eun-Young Yim, Gwanpil Song … (2009)
              Nitric oxide (NO) produced in large amounts by inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is known to be responsible for the vasodilation and hypotension observed during septic shock and inflammation. Thus, inhibitors of iNOS may be useful candidates for the treatment of inflammatory diseases accompanied by the overproduction of NO. In this study, we prepared alcoholic extracts of Jeju plants and screened them for their inhibitory activity against NO production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated macrophages. Among the 260 kinds of plant extract tested, 122 extracts showed potent inhibitory activity towards NO production by more than 25% at a concentration of 100 µg/mL. Plants such as Malus sieboldii, Vaccinium oldhamii, Corylus hallaisanensis, Carpinus laxiflora, Styrax obassia, and Securinega suffruticosa showed the most potent inhibition (above 70%) at a concentration of 100 µg/mL. The cytotoxic effects of the plant extracts were determined by colorimetric MTT assays and most plant extracts exhibited only moderate cytotoxicity at 100 µg/mL. Therefore, these plants should be considered promising candidates for the further purification of bioactive compounds and would be useful for the treatment of inflammatory diseases accompanying overproduction of NO.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Turk J Pharm Sci
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Turk J Pharm Sci
                Journal ID (publisher-id): TJPS
                Title: Turkish Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
                Publisher: Galenos Publishing
                ISSN (Print): 1304-530X
                ISSN (Electronic): 2148-6247
                Publication date (Print): September 2019
                Publication date (Electronic): 10 July 2019
                Volume: 16
                Issue: 3
                Pages: 362-365
                Affiliations
                [1 ]University of Baghdad, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Baghdad, Iraq
                [2 ]University of Malaya, Faculty of Science, Institute of Biological Sciences, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
                Author notes
                * Address for Correspondence: Phone: +9647808430086 E-mail: shaymaa_albaayit@ 123456yahoo.com
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8168-7048
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6802-5816
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6139-9188
                Article
                Publisher ID: 21101
                DOI: 10.4274/tjps.galenos.2018.52244
                PMC ID: 7227941
                PubMed ID: 32454736
                SO-VID: 6a646f1f-e23e-409f-8104-3b2234e02167
                Copyright © ©Copyright 2019 Turk J Pharm Sci, Published by Galenos Publishing House.
                License:

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Date received : 3 April 2018
                Date accepted : 21 June 2018
                Categories
                Subject: Original Article

                Keywords: moringa peregrina,nitric oxide,interleukin-1β,inflammation
                Data availability:
                Keywords: moringa peregrina, nitric oxide, interleukin-1β, inflammation

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