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      Rol de la resección paliativa en cáncer colorrectal estadio IV: Análisis de 177 pacientes Translated title: Role of palliative excision of stage IV colon and rectal cancer: Analysis of 177 patients

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          Abstract

          Antecedentes: Se ha debatido si la resección paliativa del tumor primario afecta la sobrevida en pacientes con un cáncer colorrectal metastásico. El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar esta hipótesis analizando por separado los tumores de colon y de recto. Pacientes y Método: Se estudia los pacientes en Estadio IV según el TNM 2002. Se analiza una serie de variables demográficas e histopatológicas por separado, así como la morbilidad operatoria y el tiempo de hospitalización. Se distingue tres tipos de patrón metastásico dentro del estadio IV. El análisis de la sobrevida se realizó mediante el método de Kaplan-Meier y para establecer diferencias entre las curvas se utilizó el test log-rank. Resultados: Se trata de 96 pacientes con cáncer de colon y 81 con cáncer de recto en estadio IV, sin diferencias significativas en cuanto a ASA, tamaño tumoral, porcentaje de tumores indiferenciados, relación entre tumores T3/T4 y CEA preoperatorio, con predominio del patrón localmente avanzado en los tumores de recto (p = 0,04). Hubo un 44% de resecciones paliativas en colon y en recto, sin diferencias en la morbilidad (18%) ni la mortalidad operatoria (1%). El promedio de sobrevida en los pacientes de colon sometidos a una resección paliativa fue de 15,2 meses (DE: 13,18), y de 4,4 meses (DE: 3,66) en los no resecados (p < 0,0001). El promedio de sobrevida en los pacientes del recto resecados fue 20,5 meses (DE: 19,6), y de 5,06 meses (DE: 3,51) en el grupo no resecado (p < 0,0001). En el análisis multivariado la resección paliativa y, en menor medida, la albúmina preoperatoria son los factores pronósticos más relevantes en colon y en recto, con una razón de disparidad de 4 y 5 veces, respectivamente (p < 0,0001). Conclusión: La cirugía paliativa puede realizarse con bajos índices de morbimortalidad en pacientes aptos para soportar un procedimiento quirúrgico mayor. En los tumores de recto la resección paliativa se asocia con mayor morbilidad y mayor tiempo de hospitalización. La resección del tumor primario en el contexto de una enfermedad metastásica incurable prolonga en forma significativa la sobrevida de estos pacientes y debe intentarse en los pacientes con un riesgo razonable, exceptuando los casos con carcinomatosis peritoneal masiva y ascitis.

          Translated abstract

          Background: There is debate about the value of palliative excisión of the primary tumor among patients with metastatic colorectal carcinoma. Aim: To assess the benefits of palliative excision, analyzing colon and rectal carcinomas separately. Material and Methods: Analysis of 86 patients with colon cancer aged 66 ± 14 years and 81 patients with rectal cancer aged 60 ± 16 years, in stage IV. Demographic and pathological variables were studied along with length of hospitalization, incidence of complications and actuarial survival. Results: No differences were observed in American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification, tumor size, proportion of undifferentiated or T3/T4 tumors and preoperative carcinoembrionic antigen. There was a predominance of locally advanced rectal tumors. In 44% of patients, a palliative excisien was performed. No differences in rate of complications or operative mortality were observed between patients with colon or rectal tumors. Mean survival among patients with colon cáncer subjected to palliative procedures was 15.2 ± 13.2 months compared with a survival of 4.4 ± 3.7 months of non operated patients (p < 0.01). The figures for patients with rectal cancer were 20.5 ± 19.6 and 5.1 ± 3.5 months, respectively (p < 0.01). Multivariate analysis showed that palliative excision was a significant predictor of survival. Conclusions: In this series of patients, palliative excision of colon and rectal tumors was associated with a significantly better survival and with acceptable rates of complications.

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          Surgical resection of primary tumors in patients who present with stage IV colorectal cancer: an analysis of surveillance, epidemiology, and end results data, 1988 to 2000.

          Surgical resection of the primary tumor for patients who present with incurable stage IV colorectal cancer is controversial. National practice patterns have not been described. We evaluated the use of primary tumor resection in patients presenting with stage IV colorectal cancer. Patients with stage IV colorectal cancer diagnosed between 1988 and 2000 were selected from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. Patients undergoing primary tumor resection were analyzed on the basis of sex, race, year of diagnosis, and the anatomical site of the primary tumor. We compared the survival of resected and nonresected patients. A total of 17,658 (66%) of the 26,754 patients presenting with stage IV colorectal cancer underwent primary tumor resection. Patients with resected disease were more likely to be young (mean age of 67.1 vs. 70.3 years) and to have right-sided tumors (75.3%, 73.0%, and 45.6%, respectively, for right, left, and rectal; P < .001). In all age groups, patients undergoing resection had higher median and 1-year survival rates (colon: 11 vs. 2 months, 45% vs. 12%, P < .001; rectum: 16 vs. 6 months, 59% vs. 25%, P < .001) when compared with patients who did not undergo resection. Most patients who present with stage IV colorectal cancer undergo resection of the primary tumor. The proportion of patients undergoing resection depends on patient age and race and the anatomical location of the primary tumor. The degree to which case selection explains the treatment and survival differences observed is not known. Further investigation of the role of surgery in the management of incurable stage IV colorectal cancer is warranted.
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            Elective bowel resection for incurable stage IV colorectal cancer: prognostic variables for asymptomatic patients.

            Surgical resection of primary colorectal cancer (CRC) in patients with stage IV disease at initial presentation remains controversial. Although bowel resection to manage symptoms such as bleeding, perforation, or obstruction has been advocated, management of asymptomatic patients has not been well defined. Patient-dependent factors (performance status, comorbid disease) and extent of distant metastases are among the considerations that impact on the decision to proceed with surgical management in asymptomatic stage IV CRC patients. We postulated that selected patients might benefit from elective resection of the asymptomatic primary CRC. The extent of distant metastases was objectively measured by several methods to identify potential prognostic variables that may help guide patient selection in this population. We reviewed hospital and colorectal service databases for the years 1996 to 1999. Stage IV patients who had colorectal resections with gross residual metastatic disease were identified (n = 209). Among these 209 patients, 82 patients operated on for symptoms (obstruction, perforation, bleeding, or pain) were excluded, leaving 127 patients who underwent elective resection of their asymptomatic primary CRC. Over the same time period, 103 stage IV patients who did not undergo resection were identified. Data on patient characteristics and clinical management were collected. A radiologist performed an independent review of available CT scans to assess extent of liver disease. The chi-square test was used for analysis of categoric data and Student's t-test for continuous variables. Survival was determined by the Kaplan-Meier method and distributions compared by the log rank test. Multivariate analysis was performed using Cox regression. The resected group could be easily distinguished from the nonresected group by a higher frequency of right colon cancers (p = 0.03) and metastatic disease restricted to the liver (p = 0.02) or one other site apart from the primary tumor (p = 0.02). Resected patients had prolonged median (16 versus 9 months, p < 0.001) and 2-year (25% versus 6%, p < 0.001) survival compared with patients never resected. Univariate analysis identified three significant prognostic variables (number of distant sites involved, metastases to liver only, and volume of hepatic replacement by tumor) in the resected group. Volume of hepatic replacement was also a significant predictor of survival in Cox multivariate regression analysis (p = 0.01). Subsequent to resection of asymptomatic primary CRC, 26 patients (20%) developed postoperative complications. Median hospital stay was 6 days. Two patients (1.6%) died within 30 days of surgery. Stage IV patients selected for elective palliative resection of asymptomatic primary colorectal cancers had substantial postoperative survival that was significantly better than those never having resection. Limited metastatic tumor burden and less extensive liver involvement were associated with better survival and a higher likelihood of benefit from elective bowel resection in asymptomatic patients with incurable stage IV CRC.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                rchcir
                Revista chilena de cirugía
                Rev Chil Cir
                Sociedad de Cirujanos de Chile (Santiago, , Chile )
                0718-4026
                June 2009
                : 61
                : 3
                : 266-274
                Affiliations
                [01] Santiago orgnameHospital Clínico San Borja Arriarán orgdiv1Servicio y Departamento de Cirugía Chile
                [02] Santiago orgnameUniversidad de Chile orgdiv1Facultad de Medicina orgdiv2Escuela de Salud Pública Chile
                Article
                S0718-40262009000300009 S0718-4026(09)06100300009
                10.4067/S0718-40262009000300009
                6b528270-2409-4d5e-89b7-f428c17bc1ad

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 02 December 2008
                : 13 January 2009
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 20, Pages: 9
                Product

                SciELO Chile

                Categories
                ARTÍCULOS DE INVESTIGACIÓN

                rectal cancer,estadio IV,tumor primario,cáncer de colon y recto,Resección paliativa,palliative excision,Colon cancer

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