The natural history of drug use from adolescence to the mid-thirties in a general population sample.

Kandel, D B; Chen, K.

doi:10.2105/AJPH.85.1.41

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The natural history of drug use from adolescence to the mid-thirties in a general population sample.

Author(s): K Chen , D B Kandel

Publication date Created: January 1995

Publication date (Print): January 1995

Journal: American Journal of Public Health

Publisher: American Public Health Association

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Stages of progression in drug involvement from adolescence to adulthood: further evidence for the gateway theory.

D Kandel, Masami K. Yamaguchi, K. Chen (1992)

Sequential stages of involvement in alcohol and/or cigarettes, marijuana, other illicit drugs and medically prescribed psychoactive drugs from adolescence to adulthood are investigated in a longitudinal cohort that has been followed from ages 15 to 35. Alternative models of progression are tested for their goodness of fit. Four stages are identified: that of legal drugs, alcohol or cigarettes; marijuana; illicit drugs other than marijuana; and medically prescribed drugs. Whereas progression to illicit drugs among men is dependent upon prior use of alcohol, among women either cigarettes or alcohol is a sufficient condition for progression to marijuana. Age of onset and frequency of use at a lower stage of drug use are strong predictors of further progression.