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      Prioridades para a conservação de Butia (Arecaceae) Translated title: Priorities for the conservation of Butia (Arecaceae)

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          Abstract

          Resumo Butia (Arecaceae) é um gênero de palmeiras que reúne 21 espécies nativas na América do Sul. Os fatores que determinam a distribuição e conservação das espécies do gênero ainda são pouco compreendidos. O trabalho tem como objetivos mapear os espécimes com ocorrência natural na América do Sul e avaliar o estado de conservação e critérios de ameaça das espécies. Áreas com espécies prioritárias para conservação in situ e espécies prioritárias para a conservação ex situ são propostas. Onze espécies foram avaliadas como vulneráveis (VU), cinco espécies como criticamente em perigo (CR), três espécies como em perigo (EN), uma espécie como quase ameaçada de extinção (NT) e uma espécie não foi possível avaliar o estado de conservação (dados insuficientes - DD). Foram reconhecidas oito prioridades de áreas para a conservação in situ e oito espécies foram consideradas prioritárias para conservação ex situ e coleta de germoplasma. Os resultados irão subsidiar a proposição de áreas para conservação in situ e manejo sustentável, e estratégias para a conservação ex situ e coleta de germoplasma.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Butia (Arecaceae) is a palm genus of 21 South American species. The factors that determine the geographical distribution and conservation status of Butia species are still poorly understood. We mapped the specimens with a natural occurrence in South America and evaluated the state of conservation of the species and their respective threat criteria. These results allowed the proposition of priorities for in situ and ex situ conservation. Eleven species were evaluated as Vulnerable (VU), five species as Critically Endangered (CR), three species as Endangered (EN), one species was assessed as Near Threatened (NT) and one species could not be assessed due to Deficient Data (DD). Eight priorities for in situ conservation are recognized and seven species are considered as priorities for ex situ conservation and germplasm collection. The results support the choice of priority areas for in situ conservation and sustainable management, and strategies for ex situ conservation of the species and germplasm collection.

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          Has the Earth's sixth mass extinction already arrived?

          Palaeontologists characterize mass extinctions as times when the Earth loses more than three-quarters of its species in a geologically short interval, as has happened only five times in the past 540 million years or so. Biologists now suggest that a sixth mass extinction may be under way, given the known species losses over the past few centuries and millennia. Here we review how differences between fossil and modern data and the addition of recently available palaeontological information influence our understanding of the current extinction crisis. Our results confirm that current extinction rates are higher than would be expected from the fossil record, highlighting the need for effective conservation measures.
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            The biodiversity of species and their rates of extinction, distribution, and protection.

            Recent studies clarify where the most vulnerable species live, where and how humanity changes the planet, and how this drives extinctions. We assess key statistics about species, their distribution, and their status. Most are undescribed. Those we know best have large geographical ranges and are often common within them. Most known species have small ranges. The numbers of small-ranged species are increasing quickly, even in well-known taxa. They are geographically concentrated and are disproportionately likely to be threatened or already extinct. Current rates of extinction are about 1000 times the likely background rate of extinction. Future rates depend on many factors and are poised to increase. Although there has been rapid progress in developing protected areas, such efforts are not ecologically representative, nor do they optimally protect biodiversity. Copyright © 2014, American Association for the Advancement of Science.
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              Scenarios for global biodiversity in the 21st century.

              Quantitative scenarios are coming of age as a tool for evaluating the impact of future socioeconomic development pathways on biodiversity and ecosystem services. We analyze global terrestrial, freshwater, and marine biodiversity scenarios using a range of measures including extinctions, changes in species abundance, habitat loss, and distribution shifts, as well as comparing model projections to observations. Scenarios consistently indicate that biodiversity will continue to decline over the 21st century. However, the range of projected changes is much broader than most studies suggest, partly because there are major opportunities to intervene through better policies, but also because of large uncertainties in projections.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                cflo
                Ciência Florestal
                Ciênc. Florest.
                Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (Santa Maria, RS, Brazil )
                0103-9954
                1980-5098
                December 2022
                : 32
                : 4
                : 1733-1758
                Affiliations
                [2] Pelotas Rio Grande do Sul orgnameEmbrapa Clima Temperado Brazil
                [1] Pelotas Rio Grande do Sul orgnameUniversidade Federal de Pelotas Brazil
                Article
                S1980-50982022000401733 S1980-5098(22)03200401733
                10.5902/1980509838770
                6b73b28d-f709-47c0-8a47-787a69b12794

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 28 June 2019
                : 03 February 2021
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 40, Pages: 26
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Artigo

                Conservação ex situ,Conservação in situ,Distribuição geográfica,Flora ameaçada,IUCN,Ex situ conservation,In situ conservation,Threatened flora,Geographic distribution

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