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      Different roles of resilience in depressive patients with history of suicide attempt and no history of suicide attempt

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          Abstract

          Objective:

          Suicidal ideation is modulated by several risk and protective factors. The aim of this study was to evaluate differences between patients with a history of suicide attempt and those with no such history, with special attention to depression, interpersonal sensitivity, humiliation, and resilience.

          Methods:

          One hundred consecutively admitted patients with an index depressive episode were recruited. The Brief Symptom Inventory, Humiliation Inventory, and Resilience Scale for Adult were administered.

          Results:

          Scores for humiliation, interpersonal sensitivity, and depression were higher in subjects with history of suicide attempt, while higher scores for resilience were observed in the group with no such history. Different patterns of relationships among the variables of interest were found in the two groups. Resilience dimensions such as social resources and familial cohesion were strongly and negatively correlated with humiliation, interpersonal sensitivity, and depression in subjects with a past suicide attempt.

          Conclusions:

          Resilience factors can modulate and reduce the impact of suicide risk. Assessing risk and protective factors could enhance the ability to intervene appropriately.

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          Resilience to suicidality: the buffering hypothesis.

          Judith Johnson, Alex M Wood, Patricia Gooding … (2011)
          Recent years have seen a growing interest into resilience to suicidality, which has been described as a perception or set of beliefs which buffer individuals from suicidality in the face of stressors. The current review extends this research by introducing the buffering hypothesis, a framework for the investigation of resilience to suicidality. The key proposal of this is that psychological resilience factors should be viewed as existing on a separate dimension to risk which acts to moderate the impact of risk on suicidality. Furthermore, like risk factors, resilience factors are bipolar, with their positive pole conferring resilience and their negative pole acting to amplify suicidality. Seventy-seven studies were identified which investigated (a) whether psychological moderators of risk exist and (b) the particular psychological constructs which may act as moderators. The review found strong support for the existence of psychological moderators and indicated a moderating impact of attributional style, perfectionism, agency and hopelessness. These findings support the buffering hypothesis and suggest that a range of psychological factors may confer resilience to suicidality. These results suggest that the identification of moderators may improve estimates of suicide risk and that the development of buffering factors could be a key focus of suicide interventions. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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            Resilience in relation to personality and intelligence.

            Oddgeir Friborg, Dag Barlaug, Monica Martinussen … (2006)
            Resilience is a construct of increasing interest, but validated scales measuring resilience factors among adults are scarce. Here, a scale named the Resilience Scale for Adults (RSA) was crossvalidated and compared with measures of personality (Big Five/5PFs), cognitive abilities (Raven's Advanced Matrices, Vocabulary, Number series), and social intelligence (TSIS). All measures were given to 482 applicants for the military college. Confirmatory factor analyses confirmed the fit of the five-factor model, measuring 'personal strength', 'social competence', 'structured style', 'family cohesion' and 'social resources'. Using Big Five to discriminate between well adjusted and more vulnerable personality profiles, all resilience factors were positively correlated with the well adjusted personality profile. RSA-personal strength was most associated with 5PFs-emotional stability, RSA-social competence with 5PFs-extroversion and 5PFs-agreeableness, as well as TSIS-social skills, RSA-structured style with 5PFs-conscientiousness. Unexpectedly but interestingly, measures of RSA-family cohesion and RSA-social resources were also related to personality. Furthermore, the RSA was unrelated to cognitive abilities. This study supported the convergent and discriminative validity of the scale, and thus the inference that individuals scoring high on this scale are psychologically healthier, better adjusted, and thus more resilient.
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              A meaningful life is worth living: meaning in life as a suicide resiliency factor.

              Evan Kleiman, Jenna K Beaver (2013)
              Given the high rate of suicide worldwide, it is imperative to find factors that can confer resiliency to suicide. The goal of the present study was to examine the search for and the presence of meaning in life as possible resilience factors. We hypothesized that the presence of, but not the search for, meaning in life would predict decreased suicidal ideation over an eight-week time period and decreased lifetime odds of a suicide attempt. We also examined a subsidiary hypothesis that the presence of, but not the search for, meaning in life would mediate the relationship between the two variables associated with the interpersonal psychological theory of suicide (i.e., perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness) and suicidal ideation. Our results were generally in support of our hypothesis: presence of meaning in life predicted decreased suicidal ideation over time and lower lifetime odds of a suicide attempt. Surprisingly, search for meaning in life also predicted decreased suicidal ideation over time. Finally, the search for, but not presence of, meaning in life mediated the relationship between the interpersonal psychological theory variables and suicidal ideation. These findings suggest that interventions that target meaning in life may be useful to attenuate suicide risk in individuals.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Braz J Psychiatry
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Braz J Psychiatry
                Journal ID (publisher-id): bjp
                Title: Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry
                Publisher: Associação Brasileira de Psiquiatria
                ISSN (Print): 1516-4446
                ISSN (Electronic): 1809-452X
                Publication date (Electronic): 22 May 2017
                Publication date Collection: 2017
                Volume: 39
                Issue: 3
                Pages: 216-219
                Affiliations
                [1 ]U.O.C. Psichiatria, Ospedale Civile San Salvatore, L’Aquila, Italy
                [2 ]Dipartimento di Salute Mentale ASL 1, L’Aquila, Italy
                [3 ]Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Applicate e Biotecnologiche, Universita degli Studi dell’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
                Author notes
                Correspondence: Alessandro Rossi, U.O.C. Psichiatria, Ospedale Civile San Salvatore, Via Lorenzo Natali n.1, Coppito 67100, L’Aquila, Italy E-mail: alessandro.rossi@ 123456cc.univaq.it
                Article
                DOI: 10.1590/1516-4446-2016-2045
                PMC ID: 7111383
                PubMed ID: 28538755
                SO-VID: 6c129eb6-d189-4dfe-8184-c3302ccb4743
                License:

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License, which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Date received : 15 July 2016
                Date accepted : 18 December 2016
                Categories
                Subject: Original Article

                Keywords: suicide,humiliation,interpersonal sensitivity,depression,resilience
                Data availability:
                Keywords: suicide, humiliation, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, resilience

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