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      Radioactivity of Soil in Croatia II: 137Cs, 40K, and Absorbed Dose Rate Translated title: Radioaktivnost tla u Hrvatskoj II.: 137Cs, 40K i brzina apsorbirane doze

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          Abstract

          We took samples of uncultivated soil from the surface layer (0–10 cm) at 138 sites from all over Croatia and measured their radionuclide activity concentrations with high-resolution gamma-ray spectrometry. This second part of our report brings the results on 40K and 137Cs to complement those on the 232Th and 238U decay chains addressed in the first part. Together they give the most complete picture of radioactivity of Croatian soil so far. Activity concentrations of 40K were the highest in the Pannonian region, and there was an opposite trend for 137Cs. We found that the concentrations of 137Cs tended to increase with altitude, annual precipitation, and vegetation density. The concentration ratio of 137Cs and K in soil, which indicates the potential for 137Cs entering food chains via uptake by plants, was the lowest in agriculturally important areas in the east of the Pannonian region. In addition, we used the obtained results on activity concentrations to calculate the related absorbed dose rate as a measure of external exposure to ionising radiation from soil. The sum of the absorbed dose rates for naturally occurring radionuclides and 137Cs showed that external exposure was generally the highest in the Dinaric region and Istrian Peninsula.

          Abstract

          Uzorkovali smo površinski sloj (0–10 cm) nekultiviranog tla na 138 mjesta diljem Hrvatske i mjerili koncentracije aktivnosti radionuklida u prikupljenim uzorcima visokorezolucijskom gamaspektrometrijom. U ovom radu, koji je drugi dio naše dvodijelne prezentacije, fokus je na 40K, 137Cs i brzini apsorbirane doze zbog prisutnosti radionuklida u tlu. Ti rezultati dopunjuju one vezane uz 232Th i 238U lance raspada, što vodi do dosad najcjelovitije slike radioaktivnosti tla u Hrvatskoj. Koncentracije aktivnosti 40K bile su najviše u hrvatskom panonskom području, a trend za 137Cs bio je suprotan. Našli smo da su koncentracije 137Cs pokazivale tendenciju porasta s nadmorskom visinom, količinom oborine i gustoćom vegetacije. Omjer koncentracija 137Cs i Ku tlu, a koji predstavlja potencijal za ulaz 137Cs u hranidbene lance apsorpcijom putem biljaka, bio je najmanji na istoku panonskoga područja gdje se nalaze poljoprivredno važne površine. Rezultate za koncentracije aktivnosti iskoristili smo za izračun posljedične brzine apsorbirane doze kao mjere vanjske izloženosti ionizirajućem zračenju iz tla. Zbroj brzina apsorbirane doze za prirodnopojavne radionuklide i 137Cs pokazao je da je vanjska izloženost općenito bila najveća u dinarskom području i na istarskom poluotoku.

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          An extended critical review of twenty years of countermeasures used in agriculture after the Chernobyl accident.

          A wide range of different countermeasures has been used to mitigate the consequences of the Chernobyl accident for agriculture in affected regions in Belarus, Russia and Ukraine. The paper comprehensively brings together key data on countermeasure application over twenty years for all three countries and critically evaluates the response to the accident with respect to agriculture. The extents of countermeasures implementation in various periods following the ChNPP accident are documented. Examples of best practices and drawbacks in remediation of affected areas are identified. Data on the effectiveness of agricultural countermeasures have been evaluated and the impact of countermeasures implementation to mitigate consequences of the accident has been assessed for the period 1986-2006. Implementation of agricultural countermeasures averted 30-40% of the internal collective dose that would have been received by the residents of affected regions without the use of countermeasures. The current situation in agriculture of areas subjected to contamination following the Chernobyl accident is described. Current and future needs for remediation, including a consideration of various strategies of rehabilitation of affected areas are presented.
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            EFFTRAN—A Monte Carlo efficiency transfer code for gamma-ray spectrometry

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              Determination of natural radioactivity and hazard in soil samples in and around gold mining area in Itagunmodi, south-western, Nigeria

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Arh Hig Rada Toksikol
                Arh Hig Rada Toksikol
                aiht
                aiht
                Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology
                Sciendo
                0004-1254
                1848-6312
                March 2021
                30 March 2021
                : 72
                : 1
                : 15-22
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health , Zagreb, Croatia
                [2 ]University of Zagreb Faculty of Agriculture, Department of General Agronomy , Zagreb, Croatia
                Author notes
                [* ] Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia dbabic@ 123456imi.hr
                Article
                aiht-2021-72-3440
                10.2478/aiht-2021-72-3440
                8191429
                33787185
                6c1fddd1-a0d6-4a16-967f-4b47636bac79
                © 2021 Marko Šoštarić, Branko Petrinec, Mak Avdić, Ljerka Petroci, Milica Kovačić, Željka Zgorelec, Božena Skoko, Tomislav Bituh, Jasminka Senčar, Gina Branica, Zdenko Franić, Iva Franulović, Davor Rašeta, Ivan Bešlić, and Dinko Babić, published by Sciendo

                This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 01 May 2020
                : 01 May 2020
                : 01 January 2021
                Page count
                Pages: 8
                Categories
                Original Article

                gamma radiation,high-resolution gamma-ray spectrometry,radioecology,representative radionuclides,gama-zračenje,reprezentativni radionuklidi,visokorezolucijska gamaspektrometrija

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