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      Acoustic and optoacoustic stimulations in auditory brainstem response test in salicylate induced tinnitus

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          Abstract

          As a common debilitating disorder worldwide, tinnitus requires objective assessment. In the auditory brainstem response (ABR) test, auditory potentials can be evoked by acoustic or optoacoustic (induced by laser light) stimulations. In order to use the ABR test in the objective assessment of tinnitus, in this study, acoustic ABR (aABR) and optoacoustic ABR (oABR) were compared in the control and tinnitus groups to determine the changes caused by sodium salicylate (SS)-induced tinnitus in rat. In both aABR and oABR, wave II was the most prominent waveform, and the amplitude of wave II evoked by oABR was significantly higher than that of aABR. Brainstem transmission time (BTT), which represents the time required for a neural stimulation to progress from the auditory nerve ending to the inferior colliculus, was significantly shorter in oABR. In the tinnitus group, there was a significant increase in the threshold of both ABRs and a significant decrease in the amplitude of wave II only in the oABR. Based on our findings, the ABR test has the potential to be used in the assessment of SS-induced tinnitus, but oABR has the advantages of producing more prominent waveforms and significantly reducing the amplitude of wave II in tinnitus.

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          Most cited references45

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          Tinnitus with a normal audiogram: physiological evidence for hidden hearing loss and computational model.

          Ever since Pliny the Elder coined the term tinnitus, the perception of sound in the absence of an external sound source has remained enigmatic. Traditional theories assume that tinnitus is triggered by cochlear damage, but many tinnitus patients present with a normal audiogram, i.e., with no direct signs of cochlear damage. Here, we report that in human subjects with tinnitus and a normal audiogram, auditory brainstem responses show a significantly reduced amplitude of the wave I potential (generated by primary auditory nerve fibers) but normal amplitudes of the more centrally generated wave V. This provides direct physiological evidence of "hidden hearing loss" that manifests as reduced neural output from the cochlea, and consequent renormalization of neuronal response magnitude within the brainstem. Employing an established computational model, we demonstrate how tinnitus could arise from a homeostatic response of neurons in the central auditory system to reduced auditory nerve input in the absence of elevated hearing thresholds.
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            Tinnitus.

            Tinnitus is a common medical symptom that can be debilitating. Risk factors include hearing loss, ototoxic medication, head injury, and depression. At presentation, the possibilities of otological disease, anxiety, and depression should be considered. No effective drug treatments are available, although much research is underway into mechanisms and possible treatments. Surgical intervention for any otological pathology associated with tinnitus might be effective for that condition, but the tinnitus can persist. Available treatments include hearing aids when hearing loss is identified (even mild or unilateral), wide-band sound therapy, and counselling. Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is indicated for some patients, but availability of tinnitus-specific CBT in the UK is poor. The evidence base is strongest for a combination of sound therapy and CBT-based counselling, although clinical trials are constrained by the heterogeneity of patients with tinnitus. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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              Tinnitus: causes and clinical management.

              Tinnitus is the perception of sound in the absence of a corresponding external acoustic stimulus. With prevalence ranging from 10% to 15%, tinnitus is a common disorder. Many people habituate to the phantom sound, but tinnitus severely impairs quality of life of about 1-2% of all people. Tinnitus has traditionally been regarded as an otological disorder, but advances in neuroimaging methods and development of animal models have increasingly shifted the perspective towards its neuronal correlates. Increased neuronal firing rate, enhanced neuronal synchrony, and changes in the tonotopic organisation are recorded in central auditory pathways in reaction to deprived auditory input and represent--together with changes in non-auditory brain areas--the neuronal correlate of tinnitus. Assessment of patients includes a detailed case history, measurement of hearing function, quantification of tinnitus severity, and identification of causal factors, associated symptoms, and comorbidities. Most widely used treatments for tinnitus involve counselling, and best evidence is available for cognitive behavioural therapy. New pathophysiological insights have prompted the development of innovative brain-based treatment approaches to directly target the neuronal correlates of tinnitus. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                mahmoudian.s@iums.ac.ir , saeid.mahmoudian@gmail.com
                Journal
                Sci Rep
                Sci Rep
                Scientific Reports
                Nature Publishing Group UK (London )
                2045-2322
                24 July 2023
                24 July 2023
                2023
                : 13
                : 11930
                Affiliations
                [1 ]GRID grid.411746.1, ISNI 0000 0004 4911 7066, ENT and Head and Neck Research Center, The Five Senses Health Institute, School of Medicine, Hazrate Rasoul Akram Hospital, , Iran University of Medical Sciences, ; Tehran, 1445613131 Iran
                [2 ]GRID grid.12641.30, ISNI 0000000105519715, Intelligent Systems Research Centre, , Ulster University, ; Derry Campus, Derry~Londonderry, Northern Ireland UK
                [3 ]GRID grid.411705.6, ISNI 0000 0001 0166 0922, Laser Research Center of Dentistry, Dentistry Research Institute, , Tehran University of Medical Sciences, ; Tehran, Iran
                [4 ]GRID grid.411259.a, ISNI 0000 0000 9286 0323, Radiation Sciences Research Center, Laser Research Center in Medical Sciences, , AJA University of Medical Sciences, ; Tehran, Iran
                Article
                39033
                10.1038/s41598-023-39033-5
                10366222
                37488197
                6d20a303-4f63-42ea-b3d4-6c72baf6b366
                © The Author(s) 2023

                Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

                History
                : 29 March 2023
                : 19 July 2023
                Funding
                Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100012021, Iran University of Medical Sciences;
                Award ID: 98-2-22-15523
                Award Recipient :
                Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100003968, Iran National Science Foundation;
                Award ID: 91058320
                Award Recipient :
                Categories
                Article
                Custom metadata
                © Springer Nature Limited 2023

                Uncategorized
                neuroscience,medical research,neurology
                Uncategorized
                neuroscience, medical research, neurology

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