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      Estado nutricional de pacientes infectados por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) Translated title: Nutritional state in HIV infected patients

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          Abstract

          Objetivos: La valoración del estado nutricional en los pacientes VIH debe ser un pilar fundamental en el tratamiento integral de estos enfermos. El objetivo de nuestro trabajo es estudiar el estado nutricional mediante parámetros bioquímicos y antropométricos de un grupo de pacientes con infección por virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana con tratamiento antiretroviral. Pacientes y métodos: Se valoraron bioquímicamente y antropométricamente un total de 119 pacientes VIH positivos. A todos los pacientes se les tomaron los siguientes datos epidemiológicos; edad, sexo, tratamiento con fármacos anti-retrovirales, infección por VIH, realizándose una valoración antropométrica (peso, talla, pliegue tricipital (PT), circunferencia braquial (CB), circunferencia muscular del brazo (CMB), índice de masa corporal (IMC) y una valoración bioquímica nutricional (albúmina, prealbúmina, transferrina, proteínas totales, triglicéridos, colesterol total, linfocitos totales y recuento de CD4). Resultados: Los pacientes presentaron una media de edad de 37,9±9,9 años, peso 64,5±13,2 kg y el índice de masa corporal 22,5±3,5. Los valores de proteínas totales, albúmina, prealbúmina y transferrina estaban dentro de la normalidad, solo en los pacientes con estadio SIDA se detectaron niveles de transferrina inferiores al resto de los estadíos (262,5±49,2 mg/dl vs 277,8±87,5; p<0,05). La distribución de percentiles de los parámetros antropométricos mostró una depleción del compartimento proteico muscular (CB y CMB), el 53,1% de los pacientes presentaba un percentil del PT inferior o igual al P 50, un 91,8% presentaban un percentil de CB inferior o igual al P 50, al analizar la CMB un 91,8% de los pacientes tenían un percentil inferior o igual al P 50. La hipertrigliceridemia estuvo presente en un 30,5% de los pacientes, relacionándose con el estadio VIH y el número de fármacos antiretrovirales que tomaba el paciente. Conclusión: El estado nutricional de los pacientes VIH en nuestro estudio es bueno presentando solo una reducción del compartimento proteico muscular. La transferrina se ha mostrado como un parámetro nutricional afectado en los estadios avanzados. La hipertrigliceridemia existente en estos pacientes parece secundaria al tratamiento antiretroviral.

          Translated abstract

          Objectives: Nutritional assessment in HIV infected patients must be a main objetive in the treatment of this disease. The main objetive of our work was to study the nutritional status with biochemical and anthropometrical parameters in a group of HIV infected patients. Material and methods: A total of 119 patients were evaluated. In all patients the next parameters were assessed: age, sex, treatment with anti-retroviral drugs, performed an anthropometric evaluation (weight, height, tricipital skinfold, arm circumference, arm muscular circumference and body mass index) and biochemical evaluation (albumin, prealbumin, transferrin, total proteins, triglycerides, cholesterol, lymphocites and count of CD4). Results: Patients had an average age 37.9±9.9 years, weight 64.5±13.2 kg and body mass index 22.5±3.5. The values of total proteins, albumin, prealbumin y transferrin were all normal, only patients with AIDS had low levels of transferrin (262.5±49.2 mg/dl vs 277.8±87.5; p<0.05). Percentil distribution of anthropometric parameters showed a deep depletion in muscular protein compartment, 53.1% of patients had skinfold under P 50, 91.8% had arm circunference under P 50, and 91.8% arm muscular circunference under P 50. High levels of triglycerides were detected in 30.5 %, these levels are related with the HIV phase and the number of antiretroviral drugs.. Conclusion: Nutritional status in HIV infected patients is good in our population, only a deep depletion in muscular proteic compartment was detected. Transferrin was decreased in AIDS patients. High levels of triglycerides were secondary to the number of antiretroviral drug taking by patients.

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          Most cited references18

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          Global Polio Eradication Initiative: 7th meeting of the Independent Monitoring Board.

          (2012)
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            Nutritional status, gastrointestinal dysfunction, and survival in patients with AIDS.

            The clinical course of 71 patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) was evaluated to determine relationships among nutritional status, gastrointestinal symptoms and survival. At baseline, weight loss was present in 98%, hypoalbuminemia (less than 3.5 g/dl) was present in 83%, and gastrointestinal symptoms included pharyngitis (54%), diarrhea (42%), nausea (23%), dysphagia (21%), and anorexia (18%). Both the magnitude of body weight loss and the serum albumin level were strongly associated with life-table analysis of survival. For weight loss, median survival of 520 vs. 48 days occurred in patients with less than 10% versus greater than 20% baseline weight loss, respectively (p less than 0.01). The substantial influence of serum albumin on survival is outlined below. (table; see text) In almost all cases, serial evaluation demonstrated progressive linear decrease in body weight and albumin. In patients with normal baseline albumin, the rate of 0.7 mg/dl albumin decrease per day was less than half that in patients with baseline hypoalbuminemia. A projected "time to develop an albumin level less than 2.5 g/dl" was calculated for patient groups based on initial albumin level and the rate of albumin decrease. The calculated interval was similar to the actual median survival time observed in these groups. We conclude that 1) nutritional status may represent a major determinant of survival in AIDS and 2) the rate of albumin decrease may define a function limiting survival of individual patients with AIDS.
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              Clinical approach to weight loss in the patient with HIV infection.

              The loss of body weight is a common finding in the setting of AIDS or ARC. Weight loss usually heralds the appearance of an AIDS-associated infectious disease or neoplasm. Multiple mechanisms for catabolism exist, including decreased caloric intake, excessive caloric loss, and increased metabolic caloric consumption. Among the most serious implications of weight loss is the fact that many of the immune defects observed in persons with AIDS are exacerbated by protein-calorie malnutrition. There are myriad causes of weight loss in patients with AIDS and ARC. A systematic and thorough diagnostic approach guided by the patient's presenting symptoms often yields an etiology and therapeutic direction.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                ami
                Anales de Medicina Interna
                An. Med. Interna (Madrid)
                Arán Ediciones, S. L. (Madrid )
                0212-7199
                December 2001
                : 18
                : 12
                : 619-623
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Hospital del Río Hortega Spain
                [2 ] Facultad de Medicina Argentina
                [3 ] Hospital Clínico Universitario Spain
                Article
                S0212-71992001001200002
                10.4321/s0212-71992001001200002
                6e0fe24a-443b-43f7-9ee8-2d16e13dbfef

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Categories
                MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL

                Internal medicine
                Anthropometry,Bioquimic,Nutrition,HIV,Antropometría,Bioquímica,Nutrición,VIH
                Internal medicine
                Anthropometry, Bioquimic, Nutrition, HIV, Antropometría, Bioquímica, Nutrición, VIH

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