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      PROPAGACIÓN SEXUAL Y ASEXUAL DE BROSIMUM ALICASTRUM SWARTZ EN CAMPECHE, MÉXICO Translated title: SEXUAL AND ASEXUAL PROPAGATION OF BROSIMUM ALICASTRUM SWARTZ IN CAMPECHE, MEXICO

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          Abstract

          Resumen Brosimum alicastrum es una especie arbórea en México con amplio potencial para la alimentación animal y humana, que se distribuye de manera natural con nulo manejo silvícola, por lo que existe poca información sobre los métodos de propagación de la especie. El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar la producción científica reportada sobre B. alicastrum mediante minería de textos para conocer las técnicas que existen sobre su propagación; y evaluar en vivero la calidad de plántulas obtenidas por métodos de propagación sexual y asexual (estacas, acodos e injertos) mediante diseños experimentales. Se encontraron 550 artículos científicos sobre B. alicastrum, las disciplinas donde se publicaron fueron: Ecología (44,18%), Botánica (13,27%), Ciencias Forestales (11,27%, de los cuales el 2,54% trabajó propagación en vivero), Zoología (11,09%), Agricultura (9,64%), Antropología (5,45%) y otras (5,10%). Respecto al método de propagación por semilla, la mejor calidad de plántula se asoció con sustratos de baja porosidad (tierra de monte) y con contenedores con diámetros grandes (36 cm). Para el caso de la propagación asexual por acodos, cuando se empleó turba como sustrato se obtuvo 90% de sobrevivencia, y por injerto de enchape lateral se encontró 75% de prendimiento. En virtud de la poca investigación que existe sobre la propagación de la especie se recomienda que la selección de la técnica de propagación esté en función de la finalidad de la plántula. Las técnicas asexuales de injerto y acodo pueden ser más eficientes en caso de requerir acortar los ciclos de producción de la semilla de B. alicastrum.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Brosimum alicastrum is a tree species in Mexico with wide potential for animal and human food, which is distributed naturally with no silvicultural management, so there is little information on the propagation methods of the species. The objective of this work was to analyze the scientific research published on B. alicastrum, through literature review to know the techniques that exist on its propagation. In addition, the quality of the seedling obtained by sexual propagation and asexual methods (cuttings, layers and grafts) was evaluated in the nursery, by means of experimental designs. 550 scientific articles on B. alicastrum were found, the disciplines where they were published were: Ecology (44.18%), Botany (13.27%), Forest Sciences (11.27%, of which 2.54% worked propagation in the nursery), Zoology (11.09%), Agriculture (9.64%), Anthropology (5.45%) and others (5.10%). Regarding the seed propagation method, the best seedling quality was associated with low porosity substrates (bush soil) and containers with large diameters (36 cm). In the case of asexual propagation, with the layering method when peat was used as the substrate 90% survival was obtained, and by grafting of lateral plating 75% yield was found. Due to the little research that exists on the propagation of the species, it is recommended that the selection of the propagation technique is based on the purpose of the seedling; if it is required to shorten the seed production cycles of B. alicastrum the asexual techniques grafting and layering can be more efficient.

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          ForceAtlas2, a Continuous Graph Layout Algorithm for Handy Network Visualization Designed for the Gephi Software

          Gephi is a network visualization software used in various disciplines (social network analysis, biology, genomics…). One of its key features is the ability to display the spatialization process, aiming at transforming the network into a map, and ForceAtlas2 is its default layout algorithm. The latter is developed by the Gephi team as an all-around solution to Gephi users’ typical networks (scale-free, 10 to 10,000 nodes). We present here for the first time its functioning and settings. ForceAtlas2 is a force-directed layout close to other algorithms used for network spatialization. We do not claim a theoretical advance but an attempt to integrate different techniques such as the Barnes Hut simulation, degree-dependent repulsive force, and local and global adaptive temperatures. It is designed for the Gephi user experience (it is a continuous algorithm), and we explain which constraints it implies. The algorithm benefits from much feedback and is developed in order to provide many possibilities through its settings. We lay out its complete functioning for the users who need a precise understanding of its behaviour, from the formulas to graphic illustration of the result. We propose a benchmark for our compromise between performance and quality. We also explain why we integrated its various features and discuss our design choices.
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            Vegetation patterns and environmental gradients in tropical dry forests of the northern Yucatan Peninsula

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              Asexual spread versus sexual reproduction and evolution in Japanese Knotweed s.l. sets the stage for the “Battle of the Clones”

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                lgr
                LA GRANJA. Revista de Ciencias de la Vida
                La Granja
                Universidad Politécnica Salesiana (Cuenca, Azuay, Ecuador )
                1390-3799
                1390-8596
                December 2021
                : 34
                : 2
                : 105-116
                Affiliations
                [6] orgnameColegio de Postgraduados México
                [5] orgnameCentro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán México
                [4] orgnameInvestigador independiente México
                [3] orgnameColegio de Postgraduados México
                [1] orgnameColegio de Postgraduados México asantillanf@ 123456conacyt.mx
                [2] Puebla orgnameInstituto Tecnológico Superior de Venustiano Carranza Mexico
                Article
                S1390-85962021000200105 S1390-8596(21)03400200105
                10.17163/lgr.n34.2021.07
                6eead803-adf4-4a79-a7fb-d0b8590d9016

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 01 March 2021
                : 03 July 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 32, Pages: 12
                Product

                SciELO null


                graft,acodo aéreo,Ramon,forestry,forest nursery,rooting of cuttings,air layering,Ramón,silvicultura,vivero forestal,injerto,enraizamiento de estacas

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