Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) Infection among Humans and Animals: Epidemiology, Clinical Characteristics, Treatment, and Prevention

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Abstract

The public health significance of hepatitis E is very important [...]

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EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines on hepatitis E virus infection

Darius Moradpour, Nassim Kamar, Sally A. Baylis … (2018)

Infection with hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality, representing an important global health problem. Our understanding of HEV has changed completely over the past decade. Previously, HEV was thought to be limited to certain developing countries. We now know that HEV is endemic in most high-income countries and is largely a zoonotic infection. Given the paradigm shift in our understanding of zoonotic HEV and that locally acquired HEV is now the commonest cause of acute viral hepatitis in many European countries, the focus of these Clinical Practice Guidelines will be on HEV genotype 3 (and 4).

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Update: proposed reference sequences for subtypes of hepatitis E virus (species Orthohepevirus A )

Donald Smith, Jacques Izopet, Florence Nicot … (2020)

In this recommendation, we update our 2016 table of reference sequences of subtypes of hepatitis E virus (HEV; species Orthohepevirus A, family Hepeviridae) for which complete genome sequences are available (Smith et al., 2016). This takes into account subsequent publications describing novel viruses and additional proposals for subtype names; there are now eight genotypes and 36 subtypes. Although it remains difficult to define strict criteria for distinguishing between virus subtypes, and is not within the remit of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV), the use of agreed reference sequences will bring clarity and stability to researchers, epidemiologists and clinicians working with HEV.

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Detection of a novel hepatitis E-like virus in faeces of wild rats using a nested broad-spectrum RT-PCR.

Reimar Johne, Anita Plenge-Bönig, Michael Hess … (2010)

Hepatitis E is a rare human disease in developed countries. It is caused by hepatitis E virus (HEV), which is probably transmitted zoonotically to humans from domestic pigs and wild boars. Multiple reports on the detection of HEV-specific antibodies in rats have suggested the presence of an HEV-related agent; however, infectious virus or a viral genome has not been demonstrated so far. Here, a nested broad-spectrum RT-PCR protocol was developed capable of detecting different HEV types including those derived from wild boar and chicken. Screening of 30 faecal samples from wild Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus) from Hamburg (Germany) resulted in the detection of two sequences with similarities to human, mammalian and avian HEV. Virus particles with a morphology reminiscent of HEV were demonstrated by immunoelectron microscopy in one of these samples and the virus was tentatively designated rat HEV. Genome fragments with sizes of 4019 and 1545 nt were amplified from two samples. Sequence comparison with human and avian strains revealed only 59.9 and 49.9 % sequence identity, respectively. Similarly, the deduced amino acid sequence for the complete capsid protein had 56.2 and 42.9 % identity with human and avian strains, respectively. Inoculation of the samples onto three different permanent rat liver cell lines did not result in detectable virus replication as assayed by RT-PCR with cells of the fifth virus passage. Further investigations are necessary to clarify the zoonotic potential of rat HEV and to assess its suitability to serve in a laboratory rat animal model for human hepatitis E.

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Contributors

Jelena Prpić: (View ORCID Profile)

Magdalena Baymakova: (View ORCID Profile)

Journal

Journal ID (publisher-id): PATHCD

Title: Pathogens

Abbreviated Title: Pathogens

Publisher: MDPI AG

ISSN (Electronic): 2076-0817

Publication date Created: July 2023

Publication date (Electronic): July 12 2023

Volume: 12

Issue: 7

Page: 931

Article

DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12070931

PMC ID: 10383665

PubMed ID: 37513778

SO-VID: 6f23edcc-a640-4dd6-aab3-328f0f5067ee

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https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) Infection among Humans and Animals: Epidemiology, Clinical Characteristics, Treatment, and Prevention

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Most cited references 48

EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines on hepatitis E virus infection

Update: proposed reference sequences for subtypes of hepatitis E virus (species Orthohepevirus A )

Detection of a novel hepatitis E-like virus in faeces of wild rats using a nested broad-spectrum RT-PCR.

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