Lucky G. Ngwira:
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2695-8917
Role: Data curationRole: Formal analysisRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing
– review & editing
Bhawana Sharma: Role: Data curationRole: Formal analysisRole: ValidationRole: Writing – original draftRole:
Writing – review & editing
Kabita Bade Shrestha:
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4970-3359
Role: Data curationRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
Sushil Dahal: Role: Data curationRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
Reshma Tuladhar:
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9583-5374
Role: Data curationRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
Gerald Manthalu: Role: Data curationRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
Ben Chilima: Role: Data curationRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
Allone Ganizani: Role: Data curationRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
Jonathan Rigby:
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5143-0981
Role: Data curationRole: ValidationRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review
& editing
Oscar Kanjerwa:
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5472-0535
Role: Data curationRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
Kayla Barnes: Role: ConceptualizationRole: Data curationRole: ValidationRole: Writing – original
draftRole: Writing – review & editing
Catherine Anscombe: Role: Data curationRole: ValidationRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review
& editing
Joseph Mfutso-Bengo: Role: Data curationRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
Nicholas Feasey: Role: ConceptualizationRole: Data curationRole: ValidationRole: Writing – original
draftRole: Writing – review & editing
Mercy Mvundura:
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7711-9558
Role: ConceptualizationRole: Formal analysisRole: MethodologyRole: ValidationRole:
Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
Muhammad Asaduzzaman: Role: Editor
Journal ID (nlm-ta): PLOS Glob Public Health
Journal ID (iso-abbrev): PLOS Glob Public Health
Journal ID (publisher-id): plos
Title:
PLOS Global Public Health
Publisher:
Public Library of Science
(San Francisco, CA USA
)
ISSN
(Electronic):
2767-3375
Publication date
(Electronic):
27
December
2022
Publication date Collection: 2022
Volume: 2
Issue: 12
Electronic Location Identifier: e0001377
Affiliations
[1
]
Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Research Programme, Blantyre, Malawi
[2
]
Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool,
United Kingdom
[3
]
Environment and Public Health Organization, Kathmandu, Nepal
[4
]
Innovative Solution Pvt. Ltd, Lalitpur, Nepal
[5
]
Department of Microbiology, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
[6
]
Department of Planning and Policy, Ministry of Health, Lilongwe, Malawi
[7
]
Public Health Institute of Malawi, Ministry of Health, Lilongwe, Malawi
[8
]
Environmental Department, Ministry of Health, Lilongwe, Malawi
[9
]
Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool,
Liverpool, United Kingdom
[10
]
Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
[11
]
Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
[12
]
University of Glasgow MRC Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, United Kingdom
[13
]
Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre, Malawi
[14
]
Medical Devices and Health Technologies, PATH, Seattle, Washington, United States
of America
University of Oslo Faculty of Medicine: Universitetet i Oslo Det medisinske fakultet,
NORWAY
Author notes
The authors have no competing interests to declare.
Author information
Article
Publisher ID:
PGPH-D-22-01174
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0001377
PMC ID: 10021894
PubMed ID: 36962924
SO-VID: 6f59e653-0f33-4652-97df-f0dae0f7b103
Copyright © © 2022 Ngwira et al
License:
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the
Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided
the original author and source are credited.
Funded by:
funder-id http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000865, Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation;
Award ID: 583722
Funded by:
Global Innovation Fund
Award ID: 583820 - Grant Recipient: PATH
This work was funded in part by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation grant number 583722
(to PATH) and by the Global Innovation Fund grant number 583820 (to PATH). Research
reported in this publication was also supported by core funding from Wellcome to MLW
(Wellcome Asia and Africa Programme grant 206545/Z/17/Z), BMGF Investment OPP1155752
(to NF) and an NIH Fogarty Fellowship K01TW010853 (to KGB). The findings and conclusions
contained within this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect
the positions of the funders. The funders had no role in study design, data collection
and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
Subject:
Research Article
Subject:
Biology and life sciences
Subject:
Organisms
Subject:
Viruses
Subject:
RNA viruses
Subject:
Coronaviruses
Subject:
SARS coronavirus
Subject:
SARS CoV 2
Subject:
Biology and life sciences
Subject:
Microbiology
Subject:
Medical microbiology
Subject:
Microbial pathogens
Subject:
Viral pathogens
Subject:
Coronaviruses
Subject:
SARS coronavirus
Subject:
SARS CoV 2
Subject:
Medicine and health sciences
Subject:
Pathology and laboratory medicine
Subject:
Pathogens
Subject:
Microbial pathogens
Subject:
Viral pathogens
Subject:
Coronaviruses
Subject:
SARS coronavirus
Subject:
SARS CoV 2
Subject:
Biology and life sciences
Subject:
Organisms
Subject:
Viruses
Subject:
Viral pathogens
Subject:
Coronaviruses
Subject:
SARS coronavirus
Subject:
SARS CoV 2
Subject:
Biology and Life Sciences
Subject:
Bioengineering
Subject:
Biotechnology
Subject:
Medical Devices and Equipment
Subject:
Engineering and Technology
Subject:
Bioengineering
Subject:
Biotechnology
Subject:
Medical Devices and Equipment
Subject:
Medicine and Health Sciences
Subject:
Medical Devices and Equipment
Subject:
Engineering and Technology
Subject:
Equipment
Subject:
Earth Sciences
Subject:
Marine and Aquatic Sciences
Subject:
Bodies of Water
Subject:
Rivers
Subject:
Ecology and Environmental Sciences
Subject:
Aquatic Environments
Subject:
Freshwater Environments
Subject:
Rivers
Subject:
Earth Sciences
Subject:
Marine and Aquatic Sciences
Subject:
Aquatic Environments
Subject:
Freshwater Environments
Subject:
Rivers
Subject:
Medicine and Health Sciences
Subject:
Public and Occupational Health
Subject:
Engineering and Technology
Subject:
Equipment
Subject:
Laboratory Equipment
Subject:
Medicine and Health Sciences
Subject:
Epidemiology
Subject:
Disease Surveillance
Subject:
Infectious Disease Surveillance
Subject:
Medicine and Health Sciences
Subject:
Medical Conditions
Subject:
Infectious Diseases
Subject:
Infectious Disease Control
Subject:
Infectious Disease Surveillance
Subject:
Social Sciences
Subject:
Economics
Subject:
Economic Geography
Subject:
Low and Middle Income Countries
Subject:
Earth Sciences
Subject:
Geography
Subject:
Economic Geography
Subject:
Low and Middle Income Countries
